tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-40938250907523273292024-03-12T23:39:38.832+01:00RezzonicsGuitar pedals, Fuzz, Audio Electronics, Open Source HardwareRezzonicshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04959625898477770956noreply@blogger.comBlogger44125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4093825090752327329.post-67190387235448896202023-04-10T20:08:00.005+02:002023-04-12T20:41:14.240+02:00All Overdrive/Distortion effects pedals in one... or most of them<p></p><h2 style="text-align: left;">Inception and Inspiration (Analog Morphing Core)</h2>Recently I came up with a technology used on <a href="https://kernom.com/pages/learn-more" target="_blank">Kernom RIDGE</a> overdrive pedal called Analog Morphing Core. This technology uses a single knob called MOOD, that can be seen <a href="https://www.kickstarter.com/projects/kernom/ridge-the-first-augmented-analog-overdrive-pedal/description?lang=en" target="_blank">in action in this link</a> and the pciture below. It allows to change the shape of the signal going from a pure sinewave, to soft clipped asymmetric, then symmetric, then hard clipped asymmetric, then symmetric.<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://ksr-ugc.imgix.net/assets/035/147/194/c11bca17e410f1de031fba3f614a6678_original.gif?ixlib=rb-4.0.2&w=680&fit=max&v=1633597854&gif-q=50&q=92&s=37fc8c2a8737803057e28f2f6e716b40" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="340" data-original-width="680" height="340" src="https://ksr-ugc.imgix.net/assets/035/147/194/c11bca17e410f1de031fba3f614a6678_original.gif?ixlib=rb-4.0.2&w=680&fit=max&v=1633597854&gif-q=50&q=92&s=37fc8c2a8737803057e28f2f6e716b40" width="680" /></a></div><p>Additionally, this pedal includes PRE TONE and POST TONE knobs that allow to change and equalize the tone before and after the clipping stage.</p><p>I think that Analog Morphing Core technology must require some digital processing in order to use a single control knob to modify several resistance values in the clipping circuit. Digitially controlled potentiometers maybe? I don't know.</p><p>My goal was not to acquirately emulate the exact behaviour of this complex pedal, that probably required thousands of hours for its development, but I liked the idea of being able to generate hard / soft, symmetric / asymmetric clipping, and also the idea to be able to change the tone before and after the clipping.</p><p>So I decided to design and make a guitar pedal circuit that was able to include all these different functions: Pre-Equalizer (PreEq), Gain (G), Soft Clipping (SC), Hard Clipping (HC), Post-Equalizer (PostEq) and Volume.</p><p>Kernom RIDGE is a quite complex piece of equipment but I decided to go for simplicity using analog potentiometers... but is it really less complex? </p><p>Actually controlling all these function requires using lots of potentiometers, 12 in total!!:</p><p>3x 100kB for PreEq</p><p>3x 100kB for PostEq</p><p>1x 500kB for Gain</p><p>2x 10kB for Soft Clipping</p><p>2x 100RB for Hard Clipping</p><p>1x 100kA for Volume</p><h2 style="text-align: left;">Circuit Design and Simulation</h2><p>For circuit design and simulation I use LTSpice. I will need a minimum of 3 opamps: one for PreEQ, one for Gain / Soft Clipping, and one for PostEQ, if I use two dual opamps, there is one left to be used as input unty gain buffer.</p><h3 style="text-align: left;">Equalizer</h3><p>Pre and Post Equalizer will be identical circuits based on an opamp with Bass, Mids and Treble circuits:<br /></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSxXr6bJWqp-h9ITZ3G5lOXQanSUVAGeZejgUWwAxsCqdmS4rg3Qxcjs85zTHM8QD781w7X_IvNJwohNzHDcTxtGkidBoFEqa7d0hXXuu9BtW7Wg90eR5fRVQdIZzDb3WHu1gdWzUV0zOoodlVSSDdhct5Hqij81a6E2uc4b4Z_8kX0h2wS8Ha_G5C/s891/EqualizerSchematics.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="891" data-original-width="485" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgSxXr6bJWqp-h9ITZ3G5lOXQanSUVAGeZejgUWwAxsCqdmS4rg3Qxcjs85zTHM8QD781w7X_IvNJwohNzHDcTxtGkidBoFEqa7d0hXXuu9BtW7Wg90eR5fRVQdIZzDb3WHu1gdWzUV0zOoodlVSSDdhct5Hqij81a6E2uc4b4Z_8kX0h2wS8Ha_G5C/s16000/EqualizerSchematics.png" /></a></div><br /><h4 style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Equalizer simulation, PreEQ + PostEQ Bass response:</h4><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkkBf9xViJOCQCTFDNrE0CHG0aroRDGn_CWhjkdCePnSMYfU5ZaCsWdoJoxbiZm6w3qML5HRTZdCW8G12JJct0C-xMM_rMipJ5TPt7wz18I21aNcY_HAOfQdawo7KHV55R7oCvdV1WzgRYEYxQJBVcw9EOIBEmZVr5He4subGo8H3OxzzXfMd3Ld1K/s1200/EqBass.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="852" data-original-width="1200" height="454" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkkBf9xViJOCQCTFDNrE0CHG0aroRDGn_CWhjkdCePnSMYfU5ZaCsWdoJoxbiZm6w3qML5HRTZdCW8G12JJct0C-xMM_rMipJ5TPt7wz18I21aNcY_HAOfQdawo7KHV55R7oCvdV1WzgRYEYxQJBVcw9EOIBEmZVr5He4subGo8H3OxzzXfMd3Ld1K/w640-h454/EqBass.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><h4 style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Equalizer simulation, PreEQ + PostEQ Mid response:</h4><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiorivLd6frA0LEKK0-Cy3iZo7OVzc1TXbPzxRtRRW9hhbPk9UwAHdzI5R8oCJaDHcVM1EE8TavFLfE26E7rtDhnCwOt2a9-8ebsEoBUwmOpDoTp77cke3b9H_O4_v7ddpsA3hPF_2IHSYrd4_OrIbRyqQ38cgOEMrhOqEZEINQYr4Fo_FemJmXC1f5/s1188/EqMid.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="845" data-original-width="1188" height="456" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiorivLd6frA0LEKK0-Cy3iZo7OVzc1TXbPzxRtRRW9hhbPk9UwAHdzI5R8oCJaDHcVM1EE8TavFLfE26E7rtDhnCwOt2a9-8ebsEoBUwmOpDoTp77cke3b9H_O4_v7ddpsA3hPF_2IHSYrd4_OrIbRyqQ38cgOEMrhOqEZEINQYr4Fo_FemJmXC1f5/w640-h456/EqMid.png" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"><h4 style="clear: both; text-align: left;">Equalizer simulation, PreEQ + PostEQ Treble response:</h4><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5DMiVN6WGKNcyQxVpu2T9EzU0J3iJF6eAz1Rxk98BVNZDEeGA-VvXAGSfuAZRgDQcWbNf6ChXDO5Q7T3dY2UmgONyWxbsrXMp33ZjyQ0k6aKwTdsLpJesCb68Rc2QChn1SFxKt0xq5yYeKeFB0ibinae3rY-VdyOrxAB96A9rLKittbrTUTw4NQpb/s1189/EqTreble.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="845" data-original-width="1189" height="454" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh5DMiVN6WGKNcyQxVpu2T9EzU0J3iJF6eAz1Rxk98BVNZDEeGA-VvXAGSfuAZRgDQcWbNf6ChXDO5Q7T3dY2UmgONyWxbsrXMp33ZjyQ0k6aKwTdsLpJesCb68Rc2QChn1SFxKt0xq5yYeKeFB0ibinae3rY-VdyOrxAB96A9rLKittbrTUTw4NQpb/w640-h454/EqTreble.png" width="640" /></a></div><div><br /></div></div><h3 style="text-align: left;">Clipping section</h3><div>An opamp soft clipping section followed by a hard clipping section. Schottky diodes (BAT54 or similar) used as clipping diodes:</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEik8rTm8qGcSw0UWTi456pLQs2HtX9bRfkqBF9gM36QFhGd8HBNsHII6j-dxW1V5tJFzWe1N42O2-nS25W5bt2ca0IKj5PK2fQScFjRcQBUVC6-os3TAgscdBhzXtLOIqXvqnl2FrAhpEub4opb3krJrORUA9oIGCgk138ecsB5HuOYZ66jsfqXEcNF/s885/ClippingSchematics.png" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="795" data-original-width="885" height="575" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEik8rTm8qGcSw0UWTi456pLQs2HtX9bRfkqBF9gM36QFhGd8HBNsHII6j-dxW1V5tJFzWe1N42O2-nS25W5bt2ca0IKj5PK2fQScFjRcQBUVC6-os3TAgscdBhzXtLOIqXvqnl2FrAhpEub4opb3krJrORUA9oIGCgk138ecsB5HuOYZ66jsfqXEcNF/w640-h575/ClippingSchematics.png" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;"> </div><h4 style="text-align: left;">Gain frequency simulation with no PreEQ, no PostEQ. 20 dB gain:</h4><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjhvIbnn8fcCEwNpHTtug0MsWn9sJkZmS_As4uE8QSSXkxoA_c9q4RNvrglGtbN-R6pO_21VT4CcGQ0f_9iUJA1mloqhSai93YWtU7djSCIpcRynFhcK4oCi45qZ52WyD9uOiIDO50wnbaW4Wfeoz95ieYqL8b2k0f8grf3917Er6hs8Gx3uGVJtFub" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="847" data-original-width="1186" height="458" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjhvIbnn8fcCEwNpHTtug0MsWn9sJkZmS_As4uE8QSSXkxoA_c9q4RNvrglGtbN-R6pO_21VT4CcGQ0f_9iUJA1mloqhSai93YWtU7djSCIpcRynFhcK4oCi45qZ52WyD9uOiIDO50wnbaW4Wfeoz95ieYqL8b2k0f8grf3917Er6hs8Gx3uGVJtFub=w640-h458" width="640" /></a></div><br /><br /><div><h4 style="text-align: left;">Gain transient simulation with no clipping:</h4><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiEF7RJiNuOb4l1975Fya1VEFEExHFEJfv8GWh-C3MECDxKtsOyCvsnKPBwHWNbsDijsUdY0tNIyrEiGm7GMjkWWpckPYrA1WeilIQwMHb1ZXHwojoRPv_0wfTirvlzoIEWpURj6q5tUeoX3GCjciF6h3t-OWX2P0eGLhEb6M0ItJwpYnQsyDOkJMnI" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="849" data-original-width="1237" height="275" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiEF7RJiNuOb4l1975Fya1VEFEExHFEJfv8GWh-C3MECDxKtsOyCvsnKPBwHWNbsDijsUdY0tNIyrEiGm7GMjkWWpckPYrA1WeilIQwMHb1ZXHwojoRPv_0wfTirvlzoIEWpURj6q5tUeoX3GCjciF6h3t-OWX2P0eGLhEb6M0ItJwpYnQsyDOkJMnI=w400-h275" width="400" /></a></div><br /><h4 style="text-align: left;">Asymmetric soft clipping transient simulation at max gain:</h4></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjLGK82h3E7J_lKAAfcPcxPdkLwH8aoT3miv-jNo_rLAN9UijX-S6ByfYQlzmGRgFjUvxO7OkDtNJmVBSfRQ4bIGKZFW8NLZTnZ2nPtRd3xh9iBdBZFCwpE9ruZfQpNXoRAcXShFatybT1e2V-Uz1yAIklntTE0EQm4zkD6dULnKmtOtgggtREwVhHl" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="855" data-original-width="1245" height="275" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjLGK82h3E7J_lKAAfcPcxPdkLwH8aoT3miv-jNo_rLAN9UijX-S6ByfYQlzmGRgFjUvxO7OkDtNJmVBSfRQ4bIGKZFW8NLZTnZ2nPtRd3xh9iBdBZFCwpE9ruZfQpNXoRAcXShFatybT1e2V-Uz1yAIklntTE0EQm4zkD6dULnKmtOtgggtREwVhHl=w400-h275" width="400" /></a></div><br /><h4 style="text-align: left;">Asymmetric hard clipping transient simulation at max gain and max soft clipping:</h4><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEilnPdB_bQ5M3a21Zhi_HKrmb7gJA_eW48mwuyjj6aVubMNHKcHv8BIgqFfRyXu4zOy4pTwK_q6AhMXuYu4GmTmbVb9kY8oJeu732Rb3RN8us2JsH8HDfy55uDN1W_9gFj-GxuKKnWKgRBzOKydF4aVQeUjviphT7ziEJzbU0zEdafPKJrCwB2865-b" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="855" data-original-width="1235" height="278" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEilnPdB_bQ5M3a21Zhi_HKrmb7gJA_eW48mwuyjj6aVubMNHKcHv8BIgqFfRyXu4zOy4pTwK_q6AhMXuYu4GmTmbVb9kY8oJeu732Rb3RN8us2JsH8HDfy55uDN1W_9gFj-GxuKKnWKgRBzOKydF4aVQeUjviphT7ziEJzbU0zEdafPKJrCwB2865-b=w400-h278" width="400" /></a></div><br /><h4 style="text-align: left;">Symmetric hard clipping transient simulation at max gain and max soft clipping</h4></div><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg3Dn2cAg1VSuGLlHz-EglpQ2eT2hxgUPfZyWNuF-X-Dg6pVRxGHpl0ZbEzL37c5DarDLPtQnrDWwIrRzjo6bQ5DAbdG-fRBWUhNpIqfZwDZiBEJSWUwWqc9hPJkAKz8SbuHm_RDzMQXf5Pbv84xAOhOJ8Q1NgxoZV-x8s08-G1Ocd3EbpeJLZ-0UcE" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="850" data-original-width="1239" height="275" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEg3Dn2cAg1VSuGLlHz-EglpQ2eT2hxgUPfZyWNuF-X-Dg6pVRxGHpl0ZbEzL37c5DarDLPtQnrDWwIrRzjo6bQ5DAbdG-fRBWUhNpIqfZwDZiBEJSWUwWqc9hPJkAKz8SbuHm_RDzMQXf5Pbv84xAOhOJ8Q1NgxoZV-x8s08-G1Ocd3EbpeJLZ-0UcE=w400-h275" width="400" /></a></div><br /><h2 style="text-align: left;">Implementation</h2></div><div>I used Eagle for schematics design:<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgowzjG2igpz7f1L0lPedAImazCqoVyGudHizTu1x_WTIYxQK9keQlq1sfoO8U-6DTHM524k9PcoLZPTH53PTjNVJ9WQNSHAp6qU1_KnCnjjqikdn6MR8cvcfC23Mwr2OrH0FCRFNWwXiSx96RnoO9TSQpiwguBnMA9BNcPOyKCbON2vBN3_86pVRxx/s1283/Schematics.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="864" data-original-width="1283" height="431" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgowzjG2igpz7f1L0lPedAImazCqoVyGudHizTu1x_WTIYxQK9keQlq1sfoO8U-6DTHM524k9PcoLZPTH53PTjNVJ9WQNSHAp6qU1_KnCnjjqikdn6MR8cvcfC23Mwr2OrH0FCRFNWwXiSx96RnoO9TSQpiwguBnMA9BNcPOyKCbON2vBN3_86pVRxx/w640-h431/Schematics.png" width="640" /></a></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></div>Usually I design the PCB layout with Eagle and then I send the files to a PCB manufacturer, but this time I wanted to go "simple", at the end of the day the PCB is quite small and simple, but there will be many wires going from PCB to potentiometers. I decided to use bare board vith no copper, glue SMD components on the PCB and solder wires between components, and between components and potentiometers / connectors.</div><p style="text-align: left;">This is the bare PCB with components glued in, quite simple isn't it?</p><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjBi0Vdxoo7LQVEq343qpBrgP71_vqIbnOpweTLkXEaI7stVpmvi-IdVcpUNBkiven3_EnEyOzz7lNN0RljB_Te1rdBDmISsLjGZcSvFcUoCNzrLZdU2y7Dkxj3BqKTbogaGr7znSXno6x7Bb0GxgfAMWAa1szXNESIkTltPBUU-noWUMUCURpvyBu7" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1944" data-original-width="2592" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjBi0Vdxoo7LQVEq343qpBrgP71_vqIbnOpweTLkXEaI7stVpmvi-IdVcpUNBkiven3_EnEyOzz7lNN0RljB_Te1rdBDmISsLjGZcSvFcUoCNzrLZdU2y7Dkxj3BqKTbogaGr7znSXno6x7Bb0GxgfAMWAa1szXNESIkTltPBUU-noWUMUCURpvyBu7" width="640" /></a></div><br />Well actually it was quite a nightmare to solder the wires, I had to be very quick and precise because if the component gets hot, the super glue will melt.<br />I used 30AWG wire wrap cable with one solid wire and thin insulation <a href="https://eu.mouser.com/ProductDetail/Jonard-Industries/R30G-0100" target="_blank">as this one</a> <br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiidpzQG8n3vvpTT1x7NHiEbFKzdmVRSn039yLeb75Zmok7aGkuFaS3IOr0QPg9_Kurn1t6HuTWuztuBucqw6W6YAhd3ajkD5BrAMoLeMg4uNdiIK5bQUk_lKfLsF4GMDGL4RhcmaWJAl4cJj6Dq4j-HN2q6J2IZ3yZ-aZ980eBDeZQYv2KywHfHT1h" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="200" data-original-width="201" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiidpzQG8n3vvpTT1x7NHiEbFKzdmVRSn039yLeb75Zmok7aGkuFaS3IOr0QPg9_Kurn1t6HuTWuztuBucqw6W6YAhd3ajkD5BrAMoLeMg4uNdiIK5bQUk_lKfLsF4GMDGL4RhcmaWJAl4cJj6Dq4j-HN2q6J2IZ3yZ-aZ980eBDeZQYv2KywHfHT1h" width="241" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: left;">I then used hot glue to fix the wires and avoid breaking the thin wires sue to tensions during installation.<br />Usually I use Hammond type die cast aluminum boxes 1590B or 1590N1, which I personally prefer because it provides a bit more space, but this time I needed a bigger box to fit 12 potentiometers, the footswitch and an LED. I found a black ABS plastic box <a href="https://fr.farnell.com/multicomp/mb8/coffret-noir/dp/301310?st=mb8" target="_blank">MB8</a> 150 x 80 x 50mm that was just the side needed.<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhSNeL7D03fubDxe8k851skMvNaN3VWHudv4RnR5s4OD_JURJiq_TJi-ezkXbF0nM09sj32K0VS8dX7XH-MNp05M_ogL54eDJ3_ynBBHtZDfbmNpKbq3lGyrxaJP8DoeCRv9eOICcnYWfIMT5fXPG3cPMG58Z7ivbQCITRssKOlR5Z4WsHr6iFg0sJN" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="200" data-original-width="303" height="211" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhSNeL7D03fubDxe8k851skMvNaN3VWHudv4RnR5s4OD_JURJiq_TJi-ezkXbF0nM09sj32K0VS8dX7XH-MNp05M_ogL54eDJ3_ynBBHtZDfbmNpKbq3lGyrxaJP8DoeCRv9eOICcnYWfIMT5fXPG3cPMG58Z7ivbQCITRssKOlR5Z4WsHr6iFg0sJN" width="320" /></a></div><br />With all these simplifications, wasn't I risking to have poor shielding and being susceptible to get external noise and hum? Ususally a 2 sided PCB allows to have a full ground plane on bottom layer, so that all signals have good grounding and reference, But using wires I risked to create current ground loops that could capture external noise. The metal box is grounded and provides good shielding, but a plastic box can be exposed to external noise and capture 50 Hz hum, specially on a high gain pedal.<br /><br />I added copper tape on bottom side of bare PCB connected to ground to try to improve grounding and shielding, and I was not sure I would need to internally shield the plastic box with copper or aluminum tape. At the end this was not needed and the pedal is not noisy.<br /></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">I do not include pictures of the wired pedal because is quite messy and not very elegant or aesthetic.</div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">I was worried to break the thin wire wrap wires and was extremely careful when assemblying the pedal, but the hot glue provided enough robustness to support tensions and bendings. </div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">Below a picture of the assembled and powered pedal. The 8 potentiometers on the left are 16mm diameter and had to be misaligned to be able to fit the in the box. </div></div><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgXDzzLDYAWPPcJMDcbzwgf1BXNS8XCWspD6uB2rFiWMfJwg5lVtu930kw43fOrMsKHWkx1eZf4afSXZCBjtfDhOaxS26NI7fSCJ0ghKGILoM4Qdml9WRWv1Swb_lu_af1_hBFqfDpJMXaIUJ1sPAy5OGlmJD0da-zlDOgESSmm6hoqj5R7Z4e1FuWs" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="1944" data-original-width="2592" height="480" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgXDzzLDYAWPPcJMDcbzwgf1BXNS8XCWspD6uB2rFiWMfJwg5lVtu930kw43fOrMsKHWkx1eZf4afSXZCBjtfDhOaxS26NI7fSCJ0ghKGILoM4Qdml9WRWv1Swb_lu_af1_hBFqfDpJMXaIUJ1sPAy5OGlmJD0da-zlDOgESSmm6hoqj5R7Z4e1FuWs" width="640" /></a></div><br /><div style="text-align: left;">I haven't yet labelled the knobs, which it is probably recommended on a pedal with so many knobs.</div></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh8O6ckkGQbD3ZitKm6qEN3tin0XBCVKZsDCnXqlSst7FveiT5b3RBnNoxF83DwwhP3K8Fld-68oJDxY7GTrSmfF7GjTZIOHeNhUrphFQythtIXtj5jt1OufM68qYnsNThlRo7HcQe1J_ByBQAZ0_qJ3xrd7mXRxvqpIztBYjmLooWUy3idaFWZtIg1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="596" data-original-width="1070" height="356" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEh8O6ckkGQbD3ZitKm6qEN3tin0XBCVKZsDCnXqlSst7FveiT5b3RBnNoxF83DwwhP3K8Fld-68oJDxY7GTrSmfF7GjTZIOHeNhUrphFQythtIXtj5jt1OufM68qYnsNThlRo7HcQe1J_ByBQAZ0_qJ3xrd7mXRxvqpIztBYjmLooWUy3idaFWZtIg1=w640-h356" width="640" /></a></div><h2 style="text-align: left;">Test</h2></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div style="text-align: left;">PreEQ +PostEQ frequency response</div><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgANisn-f7-2lSHt8jCiZeeiYtiTkZTzto0X429zza6qaLrXI63ruJzNkiAepBYvbmIoizIVuR5prHerWIGEamXJJsW27-DBire79GvzY9KLcQfKtvIZnTmP7zCcKmyQE9wXB4HeOOtBlDqJZlQ-yX2k903HkM3j7yhk9qYHgf8WZUSoB4XT8m5GFqY" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="530" height="362" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgANisn-f7-2lSHt8jCiZeeiYtiTkZTzto0X429zza6qaLrXI63ruJzNkiAepBYvbmIoizIVuR5prHerWIGEamXJJsW27-DBire79GvzY9KLcQfKtvIZnTmP7zCcKmyQE9wXB4HeOOtBlDqJZlQ-yX2k903HkM3j7yhk9qYHgf8WZUSoB4XT8m5GFqY=w640-h362" width="640" /></a></div><br />PreEQ frequency response</div><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjqDzhmlXgg6tpQRk0vImLp9VTygW6KuMH_Du9p9yt-NXWpmdqS7rSLs-DHTINyhMrFziR2zHwDq15iEuBnjaLuKQNZPm-A7kkUAuTOOZmS8q4_LdLvZACiYUYSKzrDbQZz1UAVJpqOj7u1tt0ndaNuR5i8v53bkcX4GlJU4nBm4I_pTuauoaitWsPm" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="530" height="362" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjqDzhmlXgg6tpQRk0vImLp9VTygW6KuMH_Du9p9yt-NXWpmdqS7rSLs-DHTINyhMrFziR2zHwDq15iEuBnjaLuKQNZPm-A7kkUAuTOOZmS8q4_LdLvZACiYUYSKzrDbQZz1UAVJpqOj7u1tt0ndaNuR5i8v53bkcX4GlJU4nBm4I_pTuauoaitWsPm=w640-h362" width="640" /></a></div><br /><br /></div><div style="text-align: left;">PostEQ frequency response</div><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhoRQMk-ImKyykwg4Ee5JslJKjSbXNtHBBfAebrPXKBUeiXzRHkppSBg0qw2JygeS4kIfriIxOkaNXI8uZC8WJANpIgSgPLMWhUoOybSVltWr9r6idXskvwZcN-65bZC_I_iuHKffhlEbSZMKwZgmJfYbk8_4wX2Gak4GcocN8IYoQbefahNXOAzjQJ" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="300" data-original-width="530" height="362" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhoRQMk-ImKyykwg4Ee5JslJKjSbXNtHBBfAebrPXKBUeiXzRHkppSBg0qw2JygeS4kIfriIxOkaNXI8uZC8WJANpIgSgPLMWhUoOybSVltWr9r6idXskvwZcN-65bZC_I_iuHKffhlEbSZMKwZgmJfYbk8_4wX2Gak4GcocN8IYoQbefahNXOAzjQJ=w640-h362" width="640" /></a></div><br />No Gain time response</div><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhh2aTlwe-KwNq9nq-OHnIKPKNuSWIF6Debd4tz4hHJsGVBqLroOXcbPGMmJwtur8BErYC4ajjXMvMaGkv_DIoZkU-U2f68poo0ztC4Ddrw1GsYeRZNrdiXHL_Y8DKqQiDcXSM2c72tFXI2MbMaHeGQh17f1p9XOHjwrsZt7EVA4yJjruEi3oyB4pJi" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="672" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhh2aTlwe-KwNq9nq-OHnIKPKNuSWIF6Debd4tz4hHJsGVBqLroOXcbPGMmJwtur8BErYC4ajjXMvMaGkv_DIoZkU-U2f68poo0ztC4Ddrw1GsYeRZNrdiXHL_Y8DKqQiDcXSM2c72tFXI2MbMaHeGQh17f1p9XOHjwrsZt7EVA4yJjruEi3oyB4pJi=w640-h284" width="640" /></a></div><br />SC1 at max</div><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi4l8JZr_HWG1xWCpEbDa7gR_ZoGYuDyCt23OuI83r8vpWdHZKPLYKN3g5HiYVai5FFMaBGlBNrUZWS4SPQcapC0j6skYsyctTL6X2copbcWiJYyAx6dUdOohT8V_AK7uswIY6IIhftb7JZCq4fcJzxL_RmJe0r3NJ6anVMiPHEHrjufYyfHOFLPo6U" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="672" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEi4l8JZr_HWG1xWCpEbDa7gR_ZoGYuDyCt23OuI83r8vpWdHZKPLYKN3g5HiYVai5FFMaBGlBNrUZWS4SPQcapC0j6skYsyctTL6X2copbcWiJYyAx6dUdOohT8V_AK7uswIY6IIhftb7JZCq4fcJzxL_RmJe0r3NJ6anVMiPHEHrjufYyfHOFLPo6U=w640-h284" width="640" /></a></div>SC1 and SC2 at max</div><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj_jVjsqvhZWH4GJx9SW5gH6x9MHR7ORKc4sbXugm9ssSj_9eVRiCjuPefIJPhyEqyCNyCPUw2cNPju2SzTvoHiyjVOOj2aBJYgqBBXEkR7Gj0bwzuFpZcQuLdwhXNWqmXhKFO5QCeLHDrFqiGi1X-GmyEkkhwUxThNHpsXgF8fGDk2Kho9FvcvA10J" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="672" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj_jVjsqvhZWH4GJx9SW5gH6x9MHR7ORKc4sbXugm9ssSj_9eVRiCjuPefIJPhyEqyCNyCPUw2cNPju2SzTvoHiyjVOOj2aBJYgqBBXEkR7Gj0bwzuFpZcQuLdwhXNWqmXhKFO5QCeLHDrFqiGi1X-GmyEkkhwUxThNHpsXgF8fGDk2Kho9FvcvA10J=w640-h284" width="640" /></a></div><br />SC2 at max:</div><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEikuZhcyO8NsQuN_JDcZkv33Kj8JkcxBfLw5bskC3NeErNg2pIvhQBTi4Zs-kFyvgmZCMiO-f7SqAMV6wOfgkxfGycuuOoVMMr6C6fq_pZzz5hi9YI2vdYEgRQ4e5G9QxhR8PEFv_6XBu0JoltCm3eNaoMSHolRWHzZw-cwgCXxdDGjtxpfg7BLEol5" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="672" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEikuZhcyO8NsQuN_JDcZkv33Kj8JkcxBfLw5bskC3NeErNg2pIvhQBTi4Zs-kFyvgmZCMiO-f7SqAMV6wOfgkxfGycuuOoVMMr6C6fq_pZzz5hi9YI2vdYEgRQ4e5G9QxhR8PEFv_6XBu0JoltCm3eNaoMSHolRWHzZw-cwgCXxdDGjtxpfg7BLEol5=w640-h284" width="640" /></a></div><br />Gain at max:</div><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgzkoVqG59ClBybLluskrHWMcK1JVl7ZKXxXR2mGHKo1rU_5rR09rSojwp1fOIay-TXqTuGeC4Xe3I_Y5vWeiVt-9LJ9Dbp5PEEt3sUeCqfYSGUPggUMwGL4glwo6ehUKfjw0ACteejMS3d5S7VNccmr9LyAW913Unl4CFtSLTo2yPv6NlXpdMTQjZj" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="672" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgzkoVqG59ClBybLluskrHWMcK1JVl7ZKXxXR2mGHKo1rU_5rR09rSojwp1fOIay-TXqTuGeC4Xe3I_Y5vWeiVt-9LJ9Dbp5PEEt3sUeCqfYSGUPggUMwGL4glwo6ehUKfjw0ACteejMS3d5S7VNccmr9LyAW913Unl4CFtSLTo2yPv6NlXpdMTQjZj=w640-h284" width="640" /></a></div>Gain and HC1 at max:</div><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhGKnZNV3WA85hNwMZD-5hzaRzwGxt6XWWt4pRnHpYLJCigM0U0BqGkciitr55QK_yfZJ3oXQ285N7ANTeGUqMlVGa43Z7EUsvvYs2w5OW08VcJ5groZxhxCvyh9Gfnt-ZKcybP6t5y3Y6JljW-Ji9f2qInaIS84LMeZ3rTdwYWWs-58J84DJjh4l10" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="672" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhGKnZNV3WA85hNwMZD-5hzaRzwGxt6XWWt4pRnHpYLJCigM0U0BqGkciitr55QK_yfZJ3oXQ285N7ANTeGUqMlVGa43Z7EUsvvYs2w5OW08VcJ5groZxhxCvyh9Gfnt-ZKcybP6t5y3Y6JljW-Ji9f2qInaIS84LMeZ3rTdwYWWs-58J84DJjh4l10=w640-h284" width="640" /></a></div><br />Gain, HC1 and HC2 at max:</div><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhKgynsTYD9wPeiPeh2HAp9A4DyAF4w-XkopxsUnNTlzeWB3gdS8EVuNHRzjSOoVcbygl3WUBa-33p8MQFpkkZGZqo9NoNxGS7VfdmHy9UeaPABkKBuE0ngUrLl1dzAgNnMd-7CW84k5tLki8GHNEUQiUPLWfb9MmCS09KdfD6iFhZ3EuFa5OLsl1vl" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="672" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhKgynsTYD9wPeiPeh2HAp9A4DyAF4w-XkopxsUnNTlzeWB3gdS8EVuNHRzjSOoVcbygl3WUBa-33p8MQFpkkZGZqo9NoNxGS7VfdmHy9UeaPABkKBuE0ngUrLl1dzAgNnMd-7CW84k5tLki8GHNEUQiUPLWfb9MmCS09KdfD6iFhZ3EuFa5OLsl1vl=w640-h284" width="640" /></a></div><br />Gain and HC2 at max:</div><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEihepFTg49uK4UL3_5igz1WEBTRX1u2bumgdJLg6PlIYcygPHYDiUDRJI2ssSqGn5-nrbLLGpekt-h6eBLKiV2lvSgWBLbKjhDtrTwFiQzzGR1hg7GT0Xlrruo0F9Kqk1mUNTx0KUSS6S8Od1KW6HhCckLG6_DFS_aeOzeLlRMhr7HpY8_uHs0ZLY4r" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="672" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEihepFTg49uK4UL3_5igz1WEBTRX1u2bumgdJLg6PlIYcygPHYDiUDRJI2ssSqGn5-nrbLLGpekt-h6eBLKiV2lvSgWBLbKjhDtrTwFiQzzGR1hg7GT0Xlrruo0F9Kqk1mUNTx0KUSS6S8Od1KW6HhCckLG6_DFS_aeOzeLlRMhr7HpY8_uHs0ZLY4r=w640-h284" width="640" /></a></div><br />Gain, HC1, HC2, SC1, and SC2 at max</div><div style="text-align: left;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiPi7iEX1a4iC_9Ml8oAjx4jioCh0WoWIly6Yd3eyME-imJ_Ioyj4Ty52H6Z5MvCEtEWXcOHhezw1b-Yz5_oa62I-919R0H654FHkzLK2tzSYIW9TLZRw0QORg1xcRA46ilUGYw_CbiZBx0kFHgCSEbF7tUnJNnHQn4E_uYm-r2oz2UgxAt2VDpbzms" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="672" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiPi7iEX1a4iC_9Ml8oAjx4jioCh0WoWIly6Yd3eyME-imJ_Ioyj4Ty52H6Z5MvCEtEWXcOHhezw1b-Yz5_oa62I-919R0H654FHkzLK2tzSYIW9TLZRw0QORg1xcRA46ilUGYw_CbiZBx0kFHgCSEbF7tUnJNnHQn4E_uYm-r2oz2UgxAt2VDpbzms=w640-h284" width="640" /></a></div><br />Gain, HC1 and SC1 at max:<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj_8Wbo5CHpTf6QjL-Ap2ZiZSSd6IIJT_4azMB_z-1f6hAxUY03p7BNcX8gM0x76MqmdfWtYDWnoFixZtNrwDgOIMhbgiM9_aGVug1Hol_nI7078jtMNOJo8O45nZY2ZsddvuSaRzF5WlRtvdrKzO8cr7aI0PtXHCqDeEAt23vkDZGlQKeciaR3YaMY" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="672" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEj_8Wbo5CHpTf6QjL-Ap2ZiZSSd6IIJT_4azMB_z-1f6hAxUY03p7BNcX8gM0x76MqmdfWtYDWnoFixZtNrwDgOIMhbgiM9_aGVug1Hol_nI7078jtMNOJo8O45nZY2ZsddvuSaRzF5WlRtvdrKzO8cr7aI0PtXHCqDeEAt23vkDZGlQKeciaR3YaMY=w640-h284" width="640" /></a></div><br />Bypass:<br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjJLbQyVIT8xMDuy6yFD8TZWz_WbdVr5WXAI-P-rW_P1TeU43evgj7YRf2OHV8KZLCqJ5RTVdHzTPVxZQUq0v9rOZvPSNY-eQCzAK-zItp-3jFTVuWHjN7IVOnXwpHM5_5u7OWcT406nX_-klQRdHgu29q9TiSnW7zd6dGwZS2K5zfq0R9Fv0AnV3My" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="672" height="284" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjJLbQyVIT8xMDuy6yFD8TZWz_WbdVr5WXAI-P-rW_P1TeU43evgj7YRf2OHV8KZLCqJ5RTVdHzTPVxZQUq0v9rOZvPSNY-eQCzAK-zItp-3jFTVuWHjN7IVOnXwpHM5_5u7OWcT406nX_-klQRdHgu29q9TiSnW7zd6dGwZS2K5zfq0R9Fv0AnV3My=w640-h284" width="640" /></a></div><br />I am very satisfied with the sound and the possibilities of this pedal, maybe too many tweaking knobs but it has a wide range of sounds from boost to overdrive to quite hard distortion without entering into fuzz zone. The pre and post equalizer allow to shape the tone as desired, compressing or increasing mids, providing more brightness or top end or making it sound fatter.<br /><br /></div><br /></div><br /><br /><br /></div>Rezzonicshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04959625898477770956noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4093825090752327329.post-90376800254183612632018-05-13T16:08:00.000+02:002018-05-13T17:08:01.786+02:00NuTube Overdrive - Assembly, Test, source files<h2>
<span style="font-size: large;">Disclaimer</span></h2>
This is just an amateur pedal with no intention for profit or to infringe any trademark.<br />
Tube Screamer is a trademark of Hoshino Gakki Co.<br />
Nutube is a trademark of KORG INC.<br />
This pedal is not for sale. If you want to buy a similar pedal I recommend you <a href="http://www.ibanez.com/products/u_effect_page18.php?year=2018&area_id=&cat_id=6&series_id=153&effect_id=39" target="_blank">Ibanez NTS Screamer</a>.
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Assembly</h2>
Nude PCB before assembly, components side:<br />
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PCB with SMD components assembled:</div>
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PCB fully assembled connectors and potentiometers side. Tests without enclosure were quite noisy:</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-C02RUqdPNf4/WvgUJLBuY0I/AAAAAAAANQg/WtVzdPn9P6sNjoK0nHqHRVO6AQPZ2LXRgCLcBGAs/s1600/DSC04494.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-C02RUqdPNf4/WvgUJLBuY0I/AAAAAAAANQg/WtVzdPn9P6sNjoK0nHqHRVO6AQPZ2LXRgCLcBGAs/s640/DSC04494.JPG" width="480" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
PCB fully assembled connectors and potentiometers side:</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2fQw3dlSuyM/WvgU4kWCQsI/AAAAAAAANQ8/ygjvtgGlO7chnQw26QFrD750mazxkNhlQCLcBGAs/s1600/DSC04490.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2fQw3dlSuyM/WvgU4kWCQsI/AAAAAAAANQ8/ygjvtgGlO7chnQw26QFrD750mazxkNhlQCLcBGAs/s640/DSC04490.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />
PCB fully assembled on SMD components side:<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ggElT9DUIO4/WvgU7EC0xDI/AAAAAAAANRA/OxbPxbG491MJY6OVA50WGl7nrQTTPFELACLcBGAs/s1600/DSC04491.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ggElT9DUIO4/WvgU7EC0xDI/AAAAAAAANRA/OxbPxbG491MJY6OVA50WGl7nrQTTPFELACLcBGAs/s640/DSC04491.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Guitar pedal fully assembled verified and ready for tests:</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WtG6ekTTv4M/WvgVTTpaWlI/AAAAAAAANRQ/z-J5SLRoEoEopaXU3W2k16SUIuHl2l_9gCLcBGAs/s1600/DSC04559.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WtG6ekTTv4M/WvgVTTpaWlI/AAAAAAAANRQ/z-J5SLRoEoEopaXU3W2k16SUIuHl2l_9gCLcBGAs/s640/DSC04559.JPG" width="480" /></a></div>
<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2RjMVaYgIYo/WvgVS4PA01I/AAAAAAAANRM/6FWOGNO8cmMho9PwUoHkJ8kgw-EkumNjQCLcBGAs/s1600/DSC04561.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-2RjMVaYgIYo/WvgVS4PA01I/AAAAAAAANRM/6FWOGNO8cmMho9PwUoHkJ8kgw-EkumNjQCLcBGAs/s640/DSC04561.JPG" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<h2 style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Source files</h2>
<div>
Source files for Eagle schematics, BoM and layout as well as FreeCAD 3D files can be found on github:</div>
<div>
<a href="https://github.com/Rezzonics/NuTube_Screamer_v1_1">https://github.com/Rezzonics/NuTube_Screamer_v1_1</a></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<br /></div>
<h2>
Sound files</h2>
<div>
Chords tests:</div>
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="300" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/playlists/509897490&color=%23ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&show_teaser=true&visual=true" width="100%"></iframe>
Solo test:<br />
<iframe allow="autoplay" frameborder="no" height="300" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/playlists/510685323&color=%23ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&show_teaser=true&visual=true" width="100%"></iframe>
<br />
<h2>
Videos</h2>
<div>
NuTube Overdrive Test playlist video with Stone Roses solo, bluesy solo and chords:</div>
<iframe allow="autoplay; encrypted-media" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="315" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/pDtBdqI9vC8" width="560"></iframe>
Rezzonicshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04959625898477770956noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4093825090752327329.post-64216268538422606232018-05-01T19:36:00.003+02:002018-05-13T16:47:47.901+02:00NuTube Overdrive - Schematics, BoM, PCB layout, 3D<h2>
</h2>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: large;">Disclaimer</span></h2>
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">This is just an amateur pedal with no intention for profit or to infringe any trademark.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">Tube Screamer is a trademark of Hoshino Gakki Co.</span><br />
<span style="font-size: small;">Nutube is a trademark of KORG INC.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">This pedal is not for sale. If you want to buy a similar pedal I recommend you <a href="http://www.ibanez.com/products/u_effect_page18.php?year=2018&area_id=&cat_id=6&series_id=153&effect_id=39" target="_blank">Ibanez NTS Screamer</a>.
</span><br />
<h2>
<span style="font-size: large;">Schematics</span></h2>
<div>
Some ferrites are used to filter noise at the input and output. +9VDC power voltage is also filtered by means of an EMI filter Murata NFM3DPC223R.<br />
Op-Amps +4.5V mid voltage is generated by a LM4041 voltage reference.<br />
Grid DC bias voltage is generated from +5V DC-DC output via a 4K7 resistor in series with a 10K trimmer. The trimmer midpoint is filtered with 10µF capacitor and connected to the grid via 33K resistor as recommended by manufacturer.<br />
An MMBT5089 NPN transistor buffer is used between the two triode sections.<br />
NPN buffers are also connected at the input and the output of the pedal.<br />
An Op-Amp buffer is used at the output of the second triode section, the buffer output is connected to the 100K Mix linear potentiometer.<br />
NuTube triodes have 500K linear trimmers on anode loads connected to +9VDC.<br />
+5VDC is connected via 240R series resistor and filtered with 1µF capacitors to provide the required filament voltage to triodes.<br />
R8 and R38 pull-down resistors are required to avoid popping when engaging or disengaging the effect via true-bypass 3PDT footswitch.<br />
S1 is the switch that allows disconnecting the clipping diodes. BAV199 are dual diodes in a single SOT23 package. R14 shorts one of the diodes to provide asymmetrical clipping.<br />
R13 can be removed to disconnect C8 220nF capacitor and disable bass-boost mod.<br />
The output of the mix potentiometer is connected to the tone section via an Op-Amp buffer.<br />
Volume potentiometer is a 100K audio/log taper.<br />
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MvBLAUgWFNE/WuiX7vtYVMI/AAAAAAAANOc/KDNiIdkv3uYUU2CkaQx1l3YuDSFZV1FOwCK4BGAYYCw/s1600/NuTubeScreamer_1_1_sch_p1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="432" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-MvBLAUgWFNE/WuiX7vtYVMI/AAAAAAAANOc/KDNiIdkv3uYUU2CkaQx1l3YuDSFZV1FOwCK4BGAYYCw/s640/NuTubeScreamer_1_1_sch_p1.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">NuTube Screamer Schematics, page 1</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
NuTube triodes require a +5VDC filament voltage with 200mA current per triode . A TPS62175DQCR DC-DC converter generates +5VDC 500mA from +9VDC input. +5V is also used to generate grid DC bias between +2V and +3V.<br />
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-u920JkdUjB8/WuiX_hyC0HI/AAAAAAAANOk/MyC7iBFiTjQHY_a_y84te1dhRw1YfX3aACK4BGAYYCw/s1600/NuTubeScreamer_1_1_sch_p2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="432" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-u920JkdUjB8/WuiX_hyC0HI/AAAAAAAANOk/MyC7iBFiTjQHY_a_y84te1dhRw1YfX3aACK4BGAYYCw/s640/NuTubeScreamer_1_1_sch_p2.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">NuTube Screamer Schematics, page 2. Grid bias voltage +5V DC-DC converter</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2>
Bill of Materials</h2>
<br />
<div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 621px;">
<colgroup><col style="mso-width-alt: 4169; mso-width-source: userset; width: 86pt;" width="114"></col>
<col style="mso-width-alt: 2742; mso-width-source: userset; width: 56pt;" width="75"></col>
<col style="mso-width-alt: 8265; mso-width-source: userset; width: 170pt;" width="226"></col>
<col style="mso-width-alt: 1206; mso-width-source: userset; width: 25pt;" width="33"></col>
<col style="mso-width-alt: 3949; mso-width-source: userset; width: 81pt;" width="108"></col>
<col style="mso-width-alt: 2377; mso-width-source: userset; width: 49pt;" width="65"></col>
</colgroup><tbody>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl68" height="15" style="height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b>Part
Number</b></span></td>
<td class="xl68" style="border-left: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b>Mfg Name</b></span></td>
<td class="xl68" style="border-left: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b>Description</b></span></td>
<td class="xl69" style="border-left: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b>Qty</b></span></td>
<td class="xl68" style="border-left: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b>Reference</b></span></td>
<td class="xl69" style="border-left: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;"><b>Value</b></span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="30" style="height: 22.5pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="30" style="border-top: none; height: 22.5pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">CRCW06030000ZSTB</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Vishay</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Thick
Film Resistors - SMD 0603 1/10watt ZEROohm Jumper</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">2</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">R13,
R14</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">0R</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">ERJ-3EKF1001V</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Panasonic</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Thick
Film Resistors - SMD 0603 1Kohms 1% Tol</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">7</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">R5,
R9, R16, R23, R25, R27, R33</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">1K</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">CR0603-FX-1004ELF</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Bourns</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Thick
Film Resistors - SMD 0603 1M 1% 1/10W</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">7</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">R3,
R7, R8, R11, R24, R26, R31</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">1M</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">C1608X7R1V105K080AE</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">TDK</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">CAP
CER 1UF 35V 10% X7R 0603</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">8</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">C3,
C4, C5, C6, C7, C18, C19, C23</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">1u</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">RC0603FR-073K3L</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Yageo</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Thick
Film Resistors - SMD 0603 3.3kohms 1% Tol</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">1</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">R28</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">3.3k</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">ERJ-3EKF4701V</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Panasonic</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Thick
Film Resistors - SMD 0603 4.7Kohms 1% Tol</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">1</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">R15</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">4.7k</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">C2012X5R1E475K125AB</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">TDK</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">CAP
CER 4.7uF 25volts X5R 10% 0805</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">2</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">C21,
C31</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">4.7u</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">ERJ-3EKF4701V</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Panasonic</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Thick
Film Resistors - SMD 0603 4.7Kohms 1% Tol</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">1</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">R35</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">4k7</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">CR0603-FX-1002HLF</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Bourns</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Thick
Film Resistors - SMD 0603 10KOHM 1/10WATT 1%</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">6</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">R1,
R2, R10, R12, R22, R32</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">10k</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="45" style="height: 33.75pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="45" style="border-top: none; height: 33.75pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">GRM21BR6YA106KE43L</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Murata</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">CAP
CER 10UF 35V X5R 0805</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">15</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">C1,
C2, C10, C12, C13, C14, C15, C16, C17, C20, C24, C25, C26, C30, C33</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">10u</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">SRN4018-100M</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Bourns</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">FIXED
IND 10UH 1.3A 180 MOHM SMD</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">1</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">L1</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">10u</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">C2012X5R1V226M125AC</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">TDK</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">CAP
CER 22UF 35V X5R 0805</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">1</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">C32</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">22u</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">CR0603-FX-3302ELF</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Bourns</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Thick
Film Resistors - SMD 0603 33K ohm 1%</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">2</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">R17,
R18</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">33k</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">06035D473MAT2A</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">AVX</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">CAP
CER 0.047UF 50V X5R 0603</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">2</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">C9,
C29</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">47n</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">GCM1885C2A470JA16D</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Murata</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">CAP
CER 47PF 100V C0G/NP0 0603</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">1</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">C11</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">47p</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">ERJ-3EKF5102V</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Panasonic</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Thick
Film Resistors - SMD 0603 51Kohms 1% Tol</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">1</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">R19</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">51k</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">RC0603FR-0768KL</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Yageo</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Thick
Film Resistors - SMD 0603 68kohms 1% Tol</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">1</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">R34</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">68k</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">ERJ-3EKF8202V</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Panasonic</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">RES
SMD 82K OHM 1% 1/10W 0603</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">1</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">R41</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">82k</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">RC0603FR-07100RL</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Yageo</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">RES
SMD 100 OHM 1% 1/10W 0603</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">1</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">R29</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">100</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">ERJ-3EKF1003V</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Panasonic</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">RES
SMD 100K OHM 1% 1/10W 0603</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">2</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">R6,
R40</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">100k</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">EEE-1VA101XP</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Panasonic</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">CAP
ALUM 100UF 20% 35V SMD</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">1</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">C22</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">100u</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">RC0603FR-07180KL</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Yageo</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Thick
Film Resistors - SMD 0603 180K 1% 1/10W</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">1</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">R36</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">180k</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">ERJ-PA3F2200V</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Panasonic</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">RES
SMD 220 OHM 1% 1/4W 0603</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">2</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">R30,
R37</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">220</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">GRM188R61H224KAC4D</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Murata</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">CAP
CER 0.22UF 50V X5R 0603</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">3</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">C8,
C27, C28</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">220n</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">ERJ-3EKF2400V</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Panasonic</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">RES
SMD 240 OHM 1% 1/10W 0603</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">2</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">R20,
R21</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">240</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">CR0603-FX-4303ELF</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Bourns</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Thick
Film Resistors - SMD 0603 430K ohm 1%</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">1</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">R39</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">430k</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">CR0603-FX-5103ELF</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Bourns</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Thick
Film Resistors - SMD 0603 510kohms 1% Tol</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">1</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">R4</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">510k</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">PTV09A-4020S-A104</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Bourns</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Potentiometers
9mm 100Kohms Audio</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">1</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">VOL</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">A100K</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">PTV09A-4020F-B502</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Bourns</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Potentiometers
9mm 5Kohms Linear</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">1</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">TONE</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">B5K</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">3314G-2-103E</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Bourns</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">TRIMMER
10K OHM 0.25W SMD</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">1</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">RV1</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">B10k</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">PTV09A-4020S-B104</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Bourns</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Potentiometers
9mm 100Kohms Linear</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">1</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">MIX</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">B100K</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">PTV09A-4020S-B504</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Bourns</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Potentiometers
9mm 500Kohms Linear</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">1</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">GAIN</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">B500K</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">3314G-1-504E</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Bourns</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">TRIMMER
500K OHM 0.25W SMD</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">2</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">VR1,
VR2</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">B500k</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">BAV199235</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">NXP</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Rectifiers
DIODE LOW LEAKAGE</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">2</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">D1,
D2</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">BAV199</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">BLM31PG121SN1L</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Murata</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">EMI
Filter Beads Chips & Arrays 1206 120 OHM</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">2</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">FB1,
FB2</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">BLM31PG121SN1L</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">PJ-202A</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">CUI</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">CONN
POWER JACK 2.1MM PCB</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">1</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">J2</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">DCJ0202</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">SSL-LX5093GD</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Lumex</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">LED
GRN DIFF 5MM ROUND T/H</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">1</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">LED1</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">GREEN</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">NMJ4HCD2</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">REAN</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Phone
Connectors 2C MONO 2-SPST NC</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">1</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">J1</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">INPUT</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="30" style="height: 22.5pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="30" style="border-top: none; height: 22.5pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">LM4041CIDBZR</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Texas
Instruments</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Voltage
References Adjustable Precision Mcrpwr Shunt .5%</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">1</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">U4</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">LM4041CIDBZ</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">LME49723MA/NOPB</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Texas
Instruments</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Audio
Amplifiers Dual Audio Op Amp</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">2</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">U1,
U3</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">LME49723</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">MBR0520LT1G</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">ON
Semiconductor</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Schottky
Diodes & Rectifiers 0.5A 20V</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">1</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">D3</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">MBR0520LT1G</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">MMBT5089</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Fairchild
Semiconductor</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Transistors
Bipolar - BJT NPN Transistor General Purpose </span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">3</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">T1,
T2, T3</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">MMBT5089</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">NFM3DPC223R1H3L</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Murata</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">EMI/RFI
Suppressors & Ferrites 0.022uF 50V 2A'</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">1</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">CF1</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">NFM3DC</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">831-87-032-10-001101</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">APEM
Inc.</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Conn
SIP Socket Strip SKT 32 POS 2mm Solder ST Thru-Hole</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">1</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">U2</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">NUTUBE
6P1</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">NMJ4HCD2</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">REAN</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Phone
Connectors 2C MONO 2-SPST NC</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">1</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">J3</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">OUTPUT</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">TPS62175DQCR</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">Texas
Instruments</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">IC
REG BUCK BST ADJ 0.5A 10WSON</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">1</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">U5</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">TPS62175DQCR</span></td>
</tr>
<tr height="15" style="height: 11.25pt;">
<td class="xl70" height="15" style="border-top: none; height: 11.25pt; width: 86pt;" width="114"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">MHS122K</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 56pt;" width="75"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">APEM
Inc.</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 170pt;" width="226"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">SWITCH
SLIDE SPDT 300MA 30V</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 25pt;" width="33"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">1</span></td>
<td class="xl70" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 81pt;" width="108"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">S1</span></td>
<td class="xl71" style="border-left: none; border-top: none; width: 49pt;" width="65"><span style="font-family: "times" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: xx-small;">clip</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<h2>
PCB Layout</h2>
<h3>
Top side</h3>
<div>
This is where all SMD components are mounted</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-nFBIn_DDmhY/WuidTb-y8nI/AAAAAAAANO4/sC8tPWNgNJwL7CY8jrGM1GEgP61VNrqHQCK4BGAYYCw/s1600/NuTubeScreamer_1_1_brd_top.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-nFBIn_DDmhY/WuidTb-y8nI/AAAAAAAANO4/sC8tPWNgNJwL7CY8jrGM1GEgP61VNrqHQCK4BGAYYCw/s640/NuTubeScreamer_1_1_brd_top.png" width="491" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">NuTube Screamer PCB layout Top side (components)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
<br /></div>
<h3>
Bottom side</h3>
<div>
This is where all the connectors and through-hole components are mounted: DC jack, input/output jacks, switch, potentiometers, LED and battery clipping contact for GND contact with enclosure</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_lHMgLlsBtk/Wuid9sD5xgI/AAAAAAAANPQ/8oJQ02g0uDoozndxN0KB-dtyzjfldc4WQCK4BGAYYCw/s1600/NuTubeScreamer_1_1_brd_bot.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-_lHMgLlsBtk/Wuid9sD5xgI/AAAAAAAANPQ/8oJQ02g0uDoozndxN0KB-dtyzjfldc4WQCK4BGAYYCw/s640/NuTubeScreamer_1_1_brd_bot.png" width="494" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">NuTube Screamer PCB layout Bottom side (connectors)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The following figure shows NuTube Screamer PCB pedal dimensions 72 x 54 mm and 1590B enclosure internal dimensions 107 x 55.45 mm<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hY8GkI4uB9k/WuilGqXdqtI/AAAAAAAANPs/fvZxrv4R4lMce5hQmXuHhefPiDmcY8kaQCK4BGAYYCw/s1600/NuTubeScreamer_dimensions.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-hY8GkI4uB9k/WuilGqXdqtI/AAAAAAAANPs/fvZxrv4R4lMce5hQmXuHhefPiDmcY8kaQCK4BGAYYCw/s640/NuTubeScreamer_dimensions.png" width="424" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">NuTube Screamer PCB and 1590B enclosure dimensions</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2>
3D assembly</h2>
<div>
Eagle layout can be imported into FreeCAD 3D to create a 3D assembly image that allows placing the different holes in the assembly and checking proper mechanical assembly.</div>
<div>
LED had to actually be moved because it interfered with tone pot.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-cxJvqV9lwUM/Wuii9ejzV4I/AAAAAAAANPg/_xOHMErUwZYW3r935lRDFvJCQ20WvMGqwCK4BGAYYCw/s1600/NuTubeScreamer.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="484" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-cxJvqV9lwUM/Wuii9ejzV4I/AAAAAAAANPg/_xOHMErUwZYW3r935lRDFvJCQ20WvMGqwCK4BGAYYCw/s640/NuTubeScreamer.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">NuTube Screamer 3D assembly drawing</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
<br /></div>
Rezzonicshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04959625898477770956noreply@blogger.com8tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4093825090752327329.post-69923008826076354142018-05-01T18:30:00.001+02:002019-09-28T14:17:03.071+02:00NuTube Overdrive - Spice simulations<div>
<h2>
<span style="font-size: large;">Disclaimer</span></h2>
<h2>
<div style="font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;">
<span style="font-size: small; font-weight: normal;">This is just an amateur pedal with no intention for profit or to infringe any trademark.</span></div>
<div>
<div style="font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;">
<span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: medium; font-weight: normal;">Tube Screamer is a trademark of Hoshino Gakki Co.</span></div>
<span style="font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;">Nutube is a trademark of KORG INC.</span></div>
<div style="font-size: medium; font-weight: 400;">
This pedal is not for sale. If you want to buy a similar pedal I recommend you <a href="http://www.ibanez.com/products/u_effect_page18.php?year=2018&area_id=&cat_id=6&series_id=153&effect_id=39" target="_blank">Ibanez NTS Screamer</a>.</div>
</h2>
</div>
<h2>
NuTube Overdrive Schematics</h2>
NuTube Overdrive is basically a Tube Screamer TS808 classic circuit (with a couple of mods I will explain later) where two NuTube triodes amplifier stages have been added between the preamp and the tone circuit, the original Tube Screamer output of the preamp is mixed with the output of the two triode amp sections by means of a 100K linear potentiometer, the buffered output of the mix is connected to the original tone circuit.<br />
<br />
The following figure shows the LTSpice schematics of the NuTube Screamer pedal:
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-kik0fLa76h4/WuhE2njC-6I/AAAAAAAANMo/W7nz01zRStsaPMjGRglYIxxPoZXBLQTwACK4BGAYYCw/s1600/NuTubeScreamer_spice_sch.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="194" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-kik0fLa76h4/WuhE2njC-6I/AAAAAAAANMo/W7nz01zRStsaPMjGRglYIxxPoZXBLQTwACK4BGAYYCw/s640/NuTubeScreamer_spice_sch.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">NuTube Screamer LTSpice schematics</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2>
NuTube Screamer Mods</h2>
<div>
The following mods have been made to the original schematics:</div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>Bass boost mod: 220nF capacitor added in parallel to 47nF on the high pass filter connected to the preamp section inverting input. This mod can be remove by just removing a series 0R resistor</li>
<li>Tone mod: 20K tone potentiometer has been replaced by 5K linear potentiometer providing a more gradual response of the tone potentiometer.</li>
<li>Asymmetric clipping: The original pedal had symmetric clipping, here an additional diode has been added in series to the positive output cycle.</li>
<li>Output buffer: Resistor biasing has been slightly changed using 1000K resistor bridge from +9VDC instead of a 510K single resistor to +4.5VDC. It is basically the same.</li>
</ol>
Some components have been changed due to availability, performance or space gain:</div>
<div>
<ol>
<li>Original diodes were silicon MA150, they have been changed by dual BAV199 silicon diodes for space gain, and easier asymmetrical circuit construction.</li>
<li>Original opamp JRC4558 has been replaced by LME49723 which has better performance in terms of harmonic distortion, noise, bandwidth, offset voltage and slew rate. <a href="http://www.ti.com/assets/js/compareParts/compare.html?familyId=585&parts=LME49723,RC4558&cols=o1,p480,p1261min,p1261max,p23typ,p22typ,p78,p2max,p1typ,p7typ,p2192,p378typ,p1498,p1192,p2954,p1130,p233typ&lang=en" target="_blank">See comparison here</a></li>
<li>Original transistors 2SC1815 used for buffers have been replaced by MMBT5089 in a small SOT23 package</li>
</ol>
<h2>
Frequency response</h2>
</div>
<div>
The following figure shows the gain response from 0 to 10 with tone at 5 and mix at 10, maximum gain is 56 dB and minimum gain is 36 dB:</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-P-abHGtJyUI/WuiMfEU7T9I/AAAAAAAANM8/HyzNiYvoquYfSh-_t5vUunWC17581Jo6gCK4BGAYYCw/s1600/NuTubeScreamer_spice_gain.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="446" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-P-abHGtJyUI/WuiMfEU7T9I/AAAAAAAANM8/HyzNiYvoquYfSh-_t5vUunWC17581Jo6gCK4BGAYYCw/s640/NuTubeScreamer_spice_gain.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">NuTube Screamer Gain = 0 to 10, Tone = 5, Mix = 10</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
The following figure shows tone response from 0 to 10 with gain at 10 and mix at 10:</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZW7GHtN1KCg/WuiNOUbpE5I/AAAAAAAANNI/7SShayt6jDc_2EPrkvm2ibnEbHtIo4HgACK4BGAYYCw/s1600/NuTubeScreamer_spice_tone.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ZW7GHtN1KCg/WuiNOUbpE5I/AAAAAAAANNI/7SShayt6jDc_2EPrkvm2ibnEbHtIo4HgACK4BGAYYCw/s640/NuTubeScreamer_spice_tone.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">NuTube Screamer Tone = 0 to 10, Gain = 10, Mix = 10</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
The following figure shows Mix response from 0 to 10 with gain at 10 and tone at 5, maximum gain is 56 dB and minimum gain is 38 dB:<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sKvUtEYWoK8/WuiN1pMZdAI/AAAAAAAANNU/kF8S21EC-7g-hGXTE5nCcLHFRnW9jyxYQCK4BGAYYCw/s1600/NuTubeScreamer_spice_mix.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="446" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sKvUtEYWoK8/WuiN1pMZdAI/AAAAAAAANNU/kF8S21EC-7g-hGXTE5nCcLHFRnW9jyxYQCK4BGAYYCw/s640/NuTubeScreamer_spice_mix.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">NuTube Screamer Mix = 0 to 10, Gain 10, Tone = 5</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The total gain of NuTube triode amps section is 17.7dB, 8.2 dB for the first section, almost flat from 10 Hz to 20KHz (82mdB loss at 20 kHz) and 9.5dB for the second section (with 141dB loss at 20kHz)</div>
<h2>
Time response</h2>
<div>
Time response shows the pedal output signal with different settings with a 60 mVp-p 30s-1 decaying 440Hz sinewave input signal. Clipping is always on.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
The following figure shows Gain response from 0 to 10 with Tone at 5 and Mix at 5:</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kARSjCOAuyc/WuiSuC6KqjI/AAAAAAAANOE/UwWJno47W1kICFf-_wm4J0gMB_MSKe7_QCK4BGAYYCw/s1600/NuTubeScreamer_spice_gain_t.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="440" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-kARSjCOAuyc/WuiSuC6KqjI/AAAAAAAANOE/UwWJno47W1kICFf-_wm4J0gMB_MSKe7_QCK4BGAYYCw/s640/NuTubeScreamer_spice_gain_t.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">NuTube Screamer time response with Gain = 0 to 10, Mix = 10, Tone = 5</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
The following figure shows Tone response from 0 to 10 with Gain at 10 and Mix at 5:</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TRqthTUeFWE/WuiSDWnrcMI/AAAAAAAANNo/K3WwKpkgd2g27rF-nhkNKqOHm_TEClohACK4BGAYYCw/s1600/NuTubeScreamer_spice_tone_t.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="442" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TRqthTUeFWE/WuiSDWnrcMI/AAAAAAAANNo/K3WwKpkgd2g27rF-nhkNKqOHm_TEClohACK4BGAYYCw/s640/NuTubeScreamer_spice_tone_t.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">NuTube Screamer time response with Tone = 0 to 10, Mix = 5, Gain = 10</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
The following figure shows Mix response from 0 to 10 with Gain at 10 and Tone at 5:</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-09uxGKU7FzE/WuiULkjuoLI/AAAAAAAANOQ/D0RwmMcXonQ2Pv16AVPZFS3wLmeP74J3QCK4BGAYYCw/s1600/NuTubeScreamer_spice_mix_t.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="442" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-09uxGKU7FzE/WuiULkjuoLI/AAAAAAAANOQ/D0RwmMcXonQ2Pv16AVPZFS3wLmeP74J3QCK4BGAYYCw/s640/NuTubeScreamer_spice_mix_t.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">NuTube Screamer time response with Mix = 0 to 10, Tone = 5, Gain = 10</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
<div>
<br />
<h3>
Frequency response at +9V and +18V</h3>
The same circuit could be powered at +18V, to increase around 10dB the gain, here are the simulations at +9V and +18V<br /></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-F7zNru2mwkM/XY9O7RM6TLI/AAAAAAAAOPE/pHbHJJD9mzQ-QQ-_w3vLBnx8yAuUFZwVwCK4BGAYYCw/s1600/NuTube_9v_vs_18v.PNG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="456" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-F7zNru2mwkM/XY9O7RM6TLI/AAAAAAAAOPE/pHbHJJD9mzQ-QQ-_w3vLBnx8yAuUFZwVwCK4BGAYYCw/s640/NuTube_9v_vs_18v.PNG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">NuTube Screamer Freq response at +9V and +18V with Tone = 0 to 10, Gain = 10, Mix = 10</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<h3>
<br /></h3>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
Rezzonicshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04959625898477770956noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4093825090752327329.post-45187965103735035402017-09-17T16:05:00.001+02:002018-05-02T00:08:50.951+02:00Korg Nutube 6P1 vs 12AX7 tube: Hybrid Amplifier (7)Korg NuTube 6P1 sounds are published here:<br />
<iframe frameborder="no" height="300" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/playlists/351295585&color=0066cc&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true" width="100%"></iframe><br />
<br />
12AX7 starved tube sounds are published here:<br />
<iframe frameborder="no" height="300" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/playlists/351299038&color=%23ff5500&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true" width="100%"></iframe>Rezzonicshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04959625898477770956noreply@blogger.com6tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4093825090752327329.post-64990137402710601122017-08-09T00:05:00.001+02:002017-08-09T00:05:15.032+02:00Korg Nutube 6P1 vs 12AX7 tube: Hybrid Amplifier (6)<h2>
Distortion analysis</h2>
A 1kHz 600mVpp sinewave is injected into the amp input, the waveform and spectrum at the output is analyzed for several gain values (0, 0.5, 1) to check the level of 2nd and 3rd order harmonics.<br />
<br />
The volume level at 1kHz is set at 0dB for the maximum gain values (G1 = G2 = 1) and the relative attenuation is shown for different gain values combinations. The level in dB at 1kHz, 2kHz and 3KHz is measured. The relative attenuation of the second and third harmonic respect to 1kHz is also measured.<br />
<br />
<div>
<h3>
NuTube 6P1 results</h3>
With BOOST off:<br />
G1 generates an attenuation of 1 and 4dB at G1= 0.5 and 0 respectively<br />
G2 generates an attenuation of 4 and 19dB at G2= 0.5 and 0 respectively<br />
Second harmonic has an attenuation of 20 dB (G2=1), 20 dB (at G2=0.5) and 21 dB (at G2=0)<br />
Third harmonic has an attenuation of 35dB (G2=1), 36 dB (at G2=0.5) and 39 dB (at G2=0)<br />
As we can see there is almost the same harmonic distortion at all gain levels.<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
With BOOST on:<br />
G1 generates an attenuation of 0 and 1dB at G1= 0.5 and 0 respectively<br />
G2 generates an attenuation of 4 and 19dB at G2= 0.5 and 0 respectively<br />
Second harmonic has an attenuation of 10 dB (G2=1), 12 dB (at G2=0.5) and 16 dB (at G2=0)<br />
Third harmonic has an attenuation of 21 dB (G2=1), 21 dB (at G2=0.5) and 23 dB (at G2=0)<br />
As we can see there is a bit more harmonic distortion at higher gain levels.<br />
<br />
Harmonic distortion is higher with BOOST on, this means that some distortion happens in the last JFET amplifier stage and some at the triode amplifier stages.<br />
<br /></div>
</div>
<div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 376px;" x:str="">
<colgroup><col style="mso-width-alt: 1024; mso-width-source: userset; width: 21pt;" width="28"></col>
<col style="mso-width-alt: 914; mso-width-source: userset; width: 19pt;" width="25"></col>
<col style="mso-width-alt: 1499; mso-width-source: userset; width: 31pt;" width="41"></col>
<col style="mso-width-alt: 1316; mso-width-source: userset; width: 27pt;" width="36"></col>
<col style="mso-width-alt: 1170; mso-width-source: userset; width: 24pt;" width="32"></col>
<col span="3" style="mso-width-alt: 1353; mso-width-source: userset; width: 28pt;" width="37"></col>
<col style="mso-width-alt: 2011; mso-width-source: userset; width: 41pt;" width="55"></col>
<col style="mso-width-alt: 1755; mso-width-source: userset; width: 36pt;" width="48"></col>
</colgroup><tbody>
<tr height="34" style="height: 25.5pt;">
<td class="xl24" height="34" style="height: 25.5pt; width: 21pt;" width="28"><b>G1</b></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border-left: none; width: 19pt;" width="25"><b>G2</b></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border-left: none; width: 31pt;" width="41"><b>Boost</b></td>
<td class="xl26" style="border-left: none; width: 27pt;" width="36"><b>Vpp (mV)</b></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border-left: none; width: 24pt;" width="32"><b>Att (dB)</b></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border-left: none; width: 28pt;" width="37"><b>1kHz (dB)</b></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border-left: none; width: 28pt;" width="37"><b>2kHz (dB</b></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border-left: none; width: 28pt;" width="37"><b>3kHz (dB)</b></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border-left: none; width: 41pt;" width="55"><b>2nd /1st (dB)</b></td>
<td class="xl27" style="border-left: none; width: 36pt;" width="48"><b>3rd/1st (dB)</b></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl28" height="17" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" x:num="">0.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl29" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">31</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-20*LOG10(D$10/D2)" x:num="-22.533728057556402">-23</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">-24</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-44.2">-44</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">-63</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F2+G2" x:num="-20.2">-20</td>
<td align="right" class="xl31" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F2+H2" x:num="">-39</td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl28" height="17" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" x:num="">0.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl29" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0.5</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">162</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-20*LOG10(D$10/D3)" x:num="-8.1706616433892343">-8</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-8.7">-9</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-29.2">-29</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-47.7">-48</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F3+G3" x:num="-20.5">-21</td>
<td align="right" class="xl31" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F3+H3" x:num="">-39</td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl28" height="17" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" x:num="">0.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl29" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">1.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">275</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-20*LOG10(D$10/D4)" x:num="-3.5743080576366011">-4</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">-4</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-24.5">-25</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">-43</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F4+G4" x:num="-20.5">-21</td>
<td align="right" class="xl31" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F4+H4" x:num="">-39</td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl32" height="17" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" x:num="">0.5</td>
<td align="right" class="xl33" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl34" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl35" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">40</td>
<td align="right" class="xl35" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-20*LOG10(D$10/D5)" x:num="-20.319762107682607">-20</td>
<td align="right" class="xl35" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-21.4">-21</td>
<td align="right" class="xl35" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-41.3">-41</td>
<td align="right" class="xl35" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-57.8">-58</td>
<td align="right" class="xl35" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F5+G5" x:num="-19.9">-20</td>
<td align="right" class="xl36" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F5+H5" x:num="-36.4">-36</td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl32" height="17" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" x:num="">0.5</td>
<td align="right" class="xl33" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0.5</td>
<td align="right" class="xl34" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl35" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">211</td>
<td align="right" class="xl35" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-20*LOG10(D$10/D6)" x:num="-5.8753128282880009">-6</td>
<td align="right" class="xl35" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-6.36">-6</td>
<td align="right" class="xl35" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-26.3">-26</td>
<td align="right" class="xl35" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-42.9">-43</td>
<td align="right" class="xl35" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F6+G6" x:num="-19.94">-20</td>
<td align="right" class="xl36" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F6+H6" x:num="-36.54">-37</td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl32" height="17" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" x:num="">0.5</td>
<td align="right" class="xl33" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">1.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl34" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl35" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">358</td>
<td align="right" class="xl35" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-20*LOG10(D$10/D7)" x:num="-1.2833014013643675">-1</td>
<td align="right" class="xl35" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-1.74">-2</td>
<td align="right" class="xl35" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-21.7">-22</td>
<td align="right" class="xl35" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">-38</td>
<td align="right" class="xl35" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F7+G7" x:num="-19.96">-20</td>
<td align="right" class="xl36" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F7+H7" x:num="-36.26">-36</td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl37" height="17" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" x:num="">1.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl38" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">46</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-20*LOG10(D$10/D8)" x:num="-19.105805300610371">-19</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">-20</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">-40</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">-55</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F8+G8" x:num="">-20</td>
<td align="right" class="xl40" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F8+H8" x:num="">-35</td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl37" height="17" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" x:num="">1.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl38" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0.5</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">249</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-20*LOG10(D$10/D9)" x:num="-4.4369749923271282">-4</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">-5</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-24.4">-24</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-39.8">-40</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F9+G9" x:num="-19.4">-19</td>
<td align="right" class="xl40" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F9+H9" x:num="-34.8">-35</td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl37" height="17" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" x:num="">1.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl38" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">1.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">415</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-00.4">0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-00.4">0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">-20</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-35.4">-35</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F10+G10" x:num="-19.6">-20</td>
<td align="right" class="xl40" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F10+H10" x:num="">-35</td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl41" height="17" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" x:num="">0.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl42" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">1</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">306</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-20*LOG10(D$19/D11)" x:num="-20.056585800377285">-20</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-20.4">-20</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-36.6">-37</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-44.4">-44</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F11+G11" x:num="-16.2">-16</td>
<td align="right" class="xl44" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F11+H11" x:num="">-24</td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl41" height="17" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" x:num="">0.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl42" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0.5</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">1</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">1747</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-20*LOG10(D$19/D12)" x:num="-4.9251562303502672">-5</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-5.2">-5</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-21.2">-21</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-28.5">-29</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F12+G12" x:num="">-16</td>
<td align="right" class="xl44" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F12+H12" x:num="-23.3">-23</td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl41" height="17" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" x:num="">0.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl42" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">1.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">1</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">2800</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-20*LOG10(D$19/D13)" x:num="-0.82785370316450158">-1</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-00.9">-1</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">-17</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">-23</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F13+G13" x:num="-16.1">-16</td>
<td align="right" class="xl44" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F13+H13" x:num="-22.1">-22</td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl45" height="17" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" x:num="">0.5</td>
<td align="right" class="xl46" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">1</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">334</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-20*LOG10(D$19/D14)" x:num="-19.296084993777598">-19</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-19.7">-20</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-31.6">-32</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">-41</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F14+G14" x:num="-11.9">-12</td>
<td align="right" class="xl48" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F14+H14" x:num="-21.3">-21</td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl45" height="17" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" x:num="">0.5</td>
<td align="right" class="xl46" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0.5</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">1</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">1937</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-20*LOG10(D$19/D15)" x:num="-4.0284219156266694">-4</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-4.85">-5</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-16.6">-17</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">-26</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F15+G15" x:num="-11.75">-12</td>
<td align="right" class="xl48" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F15+H15" x:num="-21.15">-21</td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl45" height="17" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" x:num="">0.5</td>
<td align="right" class="xl46" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">1.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">1</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">3000</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-20*LOG10(D$19/D16)" x:num="-0.22858923561563607">0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-0.5">-1</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-12.5">-13</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-21.3">-21</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F16+G16" x:num="">-12</td>
<td align="right" class="xl48" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F16+H16" x:num="-20.8">-21</td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl49" height="17" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" x:num="">1.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl50" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl51" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">1</td>
<td align="right" class="xl51" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">350</td>
<td align="right" class="xl51" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-20*LOG10(D$19/D17)" x:num="-18.889653443003375">-19</td>
<td align="right" class="xl51" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-19.5">-20</td>
<td align="right" class="xl51" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">-30</td>
<td align="right" class="xl51" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-40.5">-41</td>
<td align="right" class="xl51" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F17+G17" x:num="-10.5">-11</td>
<td align="right" class="xl52" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F17+H17" x:num="">-21</td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl49" height="17" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" x:num="">1.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl50" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0.5</td>
<td align="right" class="xl51" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">1</td>
<td align="right" class="xl51" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">1958</td>
<td align="right" class="xl51" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-20*LOG10(D$19/D18)" x:num="-3.9347605806665054">-4</td>
<td align="right" class="xl51" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-4.4">-4</td>
<td align="right" class="xl51" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-14.7">-15</td>
<td align="right" class="xl51" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-25.4">-25</td>
<td align="right" class="xl51" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F18+G18" x:num="-10.3">-10</td>
<td align="right" class="xl52" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F18+H18" x:num="">-21</td>
</tr>
<tr height="18" style="height: 13.5pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl53" height="18" style="border-top: none; height: 13.5pt;" x:num="">1.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl54" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">1.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl55" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">1</td>
<td align="right" class="xl55" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">3080</td>
<td align="right" class="xl55" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl55" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl55" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">-11</td>
<td align="right" class="xl55" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">-21</td>
<td align="right" class="xl55" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F19+G19" x:num="">-11</td>
<td align="right" class="xl56" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F19+H19" x:num="">-21</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<h3>
12AX7 results</h3>
With BOOST off:<br />
G1 generates an attenuation of 1 and 5dB at G1= 0.5 and 0 respectively<br />
G2 generates an attenuation of 4 and 17dB at G2= 0.5 and 0 respectively<br />
Second harmonic has an attenuation of 3 dB (G2=1), 8 dB (at G2=0.5) and 17 dB (at G2=0)<br />
Third harmonic has an attenuation of 8 dB (G2=1), 12 dB (at G2=0.5) and 21 dB (at G2=0)<br />
As we can see there is more harmonic distortion at higher gain levels, as expected.<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
With BOOST on:<br />
G1 generates an attenuation of 0 and 3dB at G1= 0.5 and 0 respectively<br />
G2 generates an attenuation of 4 and 18dB at G2= 0.5 and 0 respectively<br />
Second harmonic has an attenuation of 4 dB (G2=1), 8 dB (at G2=0.5) and 19 dB (at G2=0)<br />
Third harmonic has an attenuation of 11 dB (G2=1), 15 dB (at G2=0.5) and 21 dB (at G2=0)<br />
As we can see there is more harmonic distortion at higher gain levels, which means that distortion and saturation depends a lot on tube grid input level.<br />
<br />
Harmonic distortion is similar with BOOST off or on, since the BOOST happens in the last JFET amplifier stage this means that most of the distortion happens in the tube amplifier stages.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="border-collapse: collapse; width: 388px;" x:str="">
<colgroup><col style="mso-width-alt: 1024; mso-width-source: userset; width: 21pt;" width="28"></col>
<col style="mso-width-alt: 914; mso-width-source: userset; width: 19pt;" width="25"></col>
<col style="mso-width-alt: 1499; mso-width-source: userset; width: 31pt;" width="41"></col>
<col style="mso-width-alt: 1682; mso-width-source: userset; width: 35pt;" width="46"></col>
<col style="mso-width-alt: 1170; mso-width-source: userset; width: 24pt;" width="32"></col>
<col style="mso-width-alt: 1353; mso-width-source: userset; width: 28pt;" width="37"></col>
<col style="mso-width-alt: 1426; mso-width-source: userset; width: 29pt;" width="39"></col>
<col style="mso-width-alt: 1353; mso-width-source: userset; width: 28pt;" width="37"></col>
<col style="mso-width-alt: 2011; mso-width-source: userset; width: 41pt;" width="55"></col>
<col style="mso-width-alt: 1755; mso-width-source: userset; width: 36pt;" width="48"></col>
</colgroup><tbody>
<tr height="34" style="height: 25.5pt;">
<td class="xl24" height="34" style="height: 25.5pt; width: 21pt;" width="28"><b>G1</b></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border-left: none; width: 19pt;" width="25"><b>G2</b></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border-left: none; width: 31pt;" width="41"><b>Boost</b></td>
<td class="xl26" style="border-left: none; width: 35pt;" width="46"><b>Vpp (mV)</b></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border-left: none; width: 24pt;" width="32"><b>Att (dB)</b></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border-left: none; width: 28pt;" width="37"><b>1kHz (dB)</b></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border-left: none; width: 29pt;" width="39"><b>2kHz (dB</b></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border-left: none; width: 28pt;" width="37"><b>3kHz (dB)</b></td>
<td class="xl25" style="border-left: none; width: 41pt;" width="55"><b>2nd /1st (dB)</b></td>
<td class="xl27" style="border-left: none; width: 36pt;" width="48"><b>3rd/1st (dB)</b></td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl28" height="17" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" x:num="">0.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl29" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">55</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-20*LOG10(D$10/D2)" x:num="-25.698863515410526">-26</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">-22</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">-39</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-42.7">-43</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F2+G2" x:num="">-17</td>
<td align="right" class="xl31" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F2+H2" x:num="-20.7">-21</td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl28" height="17" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" x:num="">0.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl29" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0.5</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">265</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-20*LOG10(D$10/D3)" x:num="-12.041199826559248">-12</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-8.3">-8</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-25.7">-26</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">-29</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F3+G3" x:num="-17.4">-17</td>
<td align="right" class="xl31" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F3+H3" x:num="-20.7">-21</td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl28" height="17" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" x:num="">0.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl29" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">1.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">380</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-20*LOG10(D$10/D4)" x:num="-8.9104453729592024">-9</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-4.7">-5</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-21.6">-22</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">-25</td>
<td align="right" class="xl30" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F4+G4" x:num="-16.9">-17</td>
<td align="right" class="xl31" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F4+H4" x:num="-20.3">-20</td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl32" height="17" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" x:num="">0.5</td>
<td align="right" class="xl33" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl34" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl35" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">103</td>
<td align="right" class="xl35" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-20*LOG10(D$10/D5)" x:num="-20.249372811191964">-20</td>
<td align="right" class="xl35" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-18.5">-19</td>
<td align="right" class="xl35" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-26.3">-26</td>
<td align="right" class="xl35" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">-30</td>
<td align="right" class="xl35" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F5+G5" x:num="-7.8">-8</td>
<td align="right" class="xl36" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F5+H5" x:num="-11.5">-12</td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl32" height="17" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" x:num="">0.5</td>
<td align="right" class="xl33" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0.5</td>
<td align="right" class="xl34" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl35" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">480</td>
<td align="right" class="xl35" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-20*LOG10(D$10/D6)" x:num="-6.8812925577836612">-7</td>
<td align="right" class="xl35" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-4.7">-5</td>
<td align="right" class="xl35" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-12.7">-13</td>
<td align="right" class="xl35" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-16.2">-16</td>
<td align="right" class="xl35" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F6+G6" x:num="">-8</td>
<td align="right" class="xl36" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F6+H6" x:num="-11.5">-12</td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl32" height="17" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" x:num="">0.5</td>
<td align="right" class="xl33" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">1.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl34" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl35" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">732</td>
<td align="right" class="xl35" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-20*LOG10(D$10/D7)" x:num="-3.2158956841275677">-3</td>
<td align="right" class="xl35" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-1.16">-1</td>
<td align="right" class="xl35" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">-9</td>
<td align="right" class="xl35" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-12.4">-12</td>
<td align="right" class="xl35" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F7+G7" x:num="-7.84">-8</td>
<td align="right" class="xl36" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F7+H7" x:num="-11.24">-11</td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl37" height="17" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" x:num="">1.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl38" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">147</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-20*LOG10(D$10/D8)" x:num="-17.159770610331883">-17</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-17.8">-18</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-20.7">-21</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-25.9">-26</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F8+G8" x:num="-2.9">-3</td>
<td align="right" class="xl40" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F8+H8" x:num="-8.1">-8</td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl37" height="17" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" x:num="">1.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl38" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0.5</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">670</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-20*LOG10(D$10/D9)" x:num="-3.9846212512788752">-4</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-4.3">-4</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-7.3">-7</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-12.5">-13</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F9+G9" x:num="">-3</td>
<td align="right" class="xl40" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F9+H9" x:num="-8.2">-8</td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl37" height="17" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" x:num="">1.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl38" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">1.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">1060</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-00.3">0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-3.3">-3</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-8.4">-8</td>
<td align="right" class="xl39" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F10+G10" x:num="">-3</td>
<td align="right" class="xl40" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F10+H10" x:num="-8.1">-8</td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl41" height="17" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" x:num="">0.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl42" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">1</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">248</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-20*LOG10(D$19/D11)" x:num="-24.281487055019557">-24</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">-21</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-40.2">-40</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-42.4">-42</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F11+G11" x:num="-19.2">-19</td>
<td align="right" class="xl44" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F11+H11" x:num="-21.4">-21</td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl41" height="17" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" x:num="">0.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl42" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0.5</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">1</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">1300</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-20*LOG10(D$19/D12)" x:num="-9.8916536254071481">-10</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-6.9">-7</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-25.7">-26</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">-28</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F12+G12" x:num="-18.8">-19</td>
<td align="right" class="xl44" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F12+H12" x:num="-21.1">-21</td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl41" height="17" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" x:num="">0.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl42" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">1.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">1</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">2025</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-20*LOG10(D$19/D13)" x:num="-6.0420201205301352">-6</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-2.9">-3</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-18.7">-19</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">-22</td>
<td align="right" class="xl43" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F13+G13" x:num="-15.8">-16</td>
<td align="right" class="xl44" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F13+H13" x:num="-19.1">-19</td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl45" height="17" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" x:num="">0.5</td>
<td align="right" class="xl46" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">1</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">442</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-20*LOG10(D$19/D14)" x:num="-19.262075284562044">-19</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-17.5">-18</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-25.9">-26</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-32.3">-32</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F14+G14" x:num="-8.4">-8</td>
<td align="right" class="xl48" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F14+H14" x:num="-14.8">-15</td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl45" height="17" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" x:num="">0.5</td>
<td align="right" class="xl46" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0.5</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">1</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">2272</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-20*LOG10(D$19/D15)" x:num="-5.0423541307642576">-5</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-3.35">-3</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-11.5">-12</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">-18</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F15+G15" x:num="-8.15">-8</td>
<td align="right" class="xl48" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F15+H15" x:num="-14.65">-15</td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl45" height="17" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" x:num="">0.5</td>
<td align="right" class="xl46" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">1.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">1</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">3280</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-20*LOG10(D$19/D16)" x:num="-1.8530437973103007">-2</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-8.6">-9</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">-12</td>
<td align="right" class="xl47" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F16+G16" x:num="-8.6">-9</td>
<td align="right" class="xl48" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F16+H16" x:num="">-12</td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl49" height="17" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" x:num="">1.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl50" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl51" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">1</td>
<td align="right" class="xl51" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">530</td>
<td align="right" class="xl51" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-20*LOG10(D$19/D17)" x:num="-17.685003279528104">-18</td>
<td align="right" class="xl51" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-17.6">-18</td>
<td align="right" class="xl51" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-21.3">-21</td>
<td align="right" class="xl51" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-30.7">-31</td>
<td align="right" class="xl51" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F17+G17" x:num="-3.7">-4</td>
<td align="right" class="xl52" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F17+H17" x:num="-13.1">-13</td>
</tr>
<tr height="17" style="height: 12.75pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl49" height="17" style="border-top: none; height: 12.75pt;" x:num="">1.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl50" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0.5</td>
<td align="right" class="xl51" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">1</td>
<td align="right" class="xl51" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">2705</td>
<td align="right" class="xl51" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-20*LOG10(D$19/D18)" x:num="-3.527175282692117">-4</td>
<td align="right" class="xl51" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-3.5">-4</td>
<td align="right" class="xl51" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-7.2">-7</td>
<td align="right" class="xl51" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-16.5">-17</td>
<td align="right" class="xl51" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F18+G18" x:num="-3.7">-4</td>
<td align="right" class="xl52" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F18+H18" x:num="">-13</td>
</tr>
<tr height="18" style="height: 13.5pt;">
<td align="right" class="xl53" height="18" style="border-top: none; height: 13.5pt;" x:num="">1.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl54" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">1.0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl55" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">1</td>
<td align="right" class="xl54" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">4060</td>
<td align="right" class="xl55" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl55" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="">0</td>
<td align="right" class="xl55" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-3.7">-4</td>
<td align="right" class="xl55" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:num="-10.7">-11</td>
<td align="right" class="xl55" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F19+G19" x:num="-3.7">-4</td>
<td align="right" class="xl56" style="border-left: none; border-top: none;" x:fmla="=-$F19+H19" x:num="-10.7">-11</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
<h3>
Conclusion</h3>
</div>
<div>
More harmonic distortion is observed in the 12AX7 tube than in the NuTube.</div>
<div>
It is easier to obtain grid clipping and saturation in the 12AX7 tube than in the NuTube.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
Rezzonicshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04959625898477770956noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4093825090752327329.post-65964095909142910062017-07-30T17:52:00.000+02:002017-07-30T18:22:01.848+02:00Korg Nutube 6P1 vs 12AX7 tube: Hybrid Amplifier (5)<h2 style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="text-align: left;">12AX7/12AU7 Hybrid Amplifier circuit test and verification</span></h2>
<div>
Below a close picture of the 12AX7 tube powered on.</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Lf9xt_eoPwo/WX3oOqO81II/AAAAAAAAM_E/u5-MIsgmXTEFK2N8eTwSmdq5upi5haIkwCLcBGAs/s1600/DSC04247.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1200" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Lf9xt_eoPwo/WX3oOqO81II/AAAAAAAAM_E/u5-MIsgmXTEFK2N8eTwSmdq5upi5haIkwCLcBGAs/s640/DSC04247.JPG" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: small; text-align: start;">12AX7/12AU7</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
<div>
A picture of the whole board powered on.</div>
<div>
Left orange LED is +24V power on, right orange LED is +5V power on.Top sliding switch is +24V on/off, just below is the +5V on/off switch. To the right is the Gain Boost on/off for the power amp 8ohm speaker section, just below, the blue potentiometer, is the output gain control, below is the Gain Boost switch for the headphones/line-out section, below it is the power amp volume, below at the bottom is the headphones/line-out volume.</div>
<div>
On the left at the bottom are the three controls for the 3-band equalizer, based on a Fender tone stack: bass, mid and treble. Above the bass control is the input gain (it has no real effect on the 12AX7/12AU7 amplifier.</div>
<div>
The 24-pins TSSOP device on the right is the 25W class-D power amplifier.</div>
<div>
12AX7 tube is plugged into a socket.</div>
</div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1rNJgFHqdh0/WX3oiVmNQ1I/AAAAAAAAM_I/fGmc2Is7MHcL1TETwXmtFiV9Sti7bgixQCLcBGAs/s1600/DSC04243.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1200" data-original-width="1600" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1rNJgFHqdh0/WX3oiVmNQ1I/AAAAAAAAM_I/fGmc2Is7MHcL1TETwXmtFiV9Sti7bgixQCLcBGAs/s640/DSC04243.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "georgia" , "utopia" , "palatino linotype" , "palatino" , serif; font-size: 12.8px; line-height: 17.92px;">12AU7/12AX7 Hybrid 25W Amplifier</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3>
Wave signal verification with oscilloscope</h3>
<div>
Summary of results:</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>First JFET amplifier gain is 0 dB</li>
<li>First 12AX7 tube stage gain is 10dB</li>
<li>Second JFET buffer gain is 0 dB</li>
<li>3-band equalizer gain at 1kHz with Bass, Mid and Top = 0.5 is -17dB</li>
<li>Second 12AX7 tube stage gain is 8.5 dB</li>
<li>Third JFET amplifier gain with gain control and Boost Off:</li>
<ul>
<li>G2=0.0 =>-22 dB</li>
<li>G2=0.5 => -8 dB</li>
<li>G2=1.0 => -5 dB</li>
</ul>
<li>Third JFET amplifier gain with gain control and Boost ON:</li>
<ul>
<li>G2=0.0 => 3 dB</li>
<li>G2=0.5 => 17 dB</li>
<li>G2=1.0 => 20 dB</li>
</ul>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
Maximum output level is 7880mVpp which corresponds to a maximum total gain of 22.4dB</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-4QaRr5V5yd8/WX3qdE9rVXI/AAAAAAAAM_U/GOOn0v8vggIa4BgqRceXgBpb2nFPmcA4wCLcBGAs/s1600/fxin_1kHz.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="672" height="284" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-4QaRr5V5yd8/WX3qdE9rVXI/AAAAAAAAM_U/GOOn0v8vggIa4BgqRceXgBpb2nFPmcA4wCLcBGAs/s640/fxin_1kHz.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "georgia" , "utopia" , "palatino linotype" , "palatino" , serif; font-size: 12.8px; line-height: 17.92px;">Input signal: Sine wave 600mVpp 1kHz</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sArbmIb_WHE/WX3qnJbfL8I/AAAAAAAAM_Y/wABVpQzSafs9Zt909XmAWoqs_Ic0CZ8CgCLcBGAs/s1600/tp1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="672" height="284" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sArbmIb_WHE/WX3qnJbfL8I/AAAAAAAAM_Y/wABVpQzSafs9Zt909XmAWoqs_Ic0CZ8CgCLcBGAs/s640/tp1.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "georgia" , "utopia" , "palatino linotype" , "palatino" , serif; font-size: 12.8px;">TP2 signal after first JFET buffer 600</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "georgia" , "utopia" , "palatino linotype" , "palatino" , serif; font-size: 12.8px;"> mVpp </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "georgia" , "utopia" , "palatino linotype" , "palatino" , serif; font-size: 12.8px;"> (0 dB)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-H7Lk2e2XWyM/WX3q9skRiiI/AAAAAAAAM_c/hBtFgKjmYNASyCpH6omT44lmyiH4whlxACLcBGAs/s1600/tp4_g2_xxx.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="672" height="284" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-H7Lk2e2XWyM/WX3q9skRiiI/AAAAAAAAM_c/hBtFgKjmYNASyCpH6omT44lmyiH4whlxACLcBGAs/s640/tp4_g2_xxx.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "georgia" , "utopia" , "palatino linotype" , "palatino" , serif; font-size: 12.8px; line-height: 17.92px;">TP4 signal after first triode anode 1900mVpp (10 dB</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "georgia" , "utopia" , "palatino linotype" , "palatino" , serif; font-size: 12.8px; line-height: 17.92px;">)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-HL58YzEnzI0/WX3rcwxGPNI/AAAAAAAAM_g/kKlXrqtiEpssOSLhJ1Lnm1vfcTfGlKotgCLcBGAs/s1600/c16.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="672" height="284" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-HL58YzEnzI0/WX3rcwxGPNI/AAAAAAAAM_g/kKlXrqtiEpssOSLhJ1Lnm1vfcTfGlKotgCLcBGAs/s640/c16.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "georgia" , "utopia" , "palatino linotype" , "palatino" , serif; font-size: 12.8px; line-height: 17.92px;">C16 signal after second JFET buffer 1900mVpp (0 dB)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-roonR-6Hxsg/WX3rrKtSPZI/AAAAAAAAM_k/3jNGIQRn2w4EhLbQVllnaebqOg6RhYcIQCLcBGAs/s1600/c20_tone_0.5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="672" height="284" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-roonR-6Hxsg/WX3rrKtSPZI/AAAAAAAAM_k/3jNGIQRn2w4EhLbQVllnaebqOg6RhYcIQCLcBGAs/s640/c20_tone_0.5.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "georgia" , "utopia" , "palatino linotype" , "palatino" , serif; font-size: 12.8px;">C20 signal after 3-band equalizer 28</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "georgia" , "utopia" , "palatino linotype" , "palatino" , serif; font-size: 12.8px;">0mVpp</span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "georgia" , "utopia" , "palatino linotype" , "palatino" , serif; font-size: 12.8px;">. Treble=Middle=Bass = 0.5 (-17 dB)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-uM_2nkzc19U/WX3r2KrmtkI/AAAAAAAAM_o/C1LWrATIHT8tSJI2b5jl8ofnFfKZmFplACLcBGAs/s1600/tp21_tone_0.5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="672" height="284" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-uM_2nkzc19U/WX3r2KrmtkI/AAAAAAAAM_o/C1LWrATIHT8tSJI2b5jl8ofnFfKZmFplACLcBGAs/s640/tp21_tone_0.5.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "georgia" , "utopia" , "palatino linotype" , "palatino" , serif; font-size: 12.8px; line-height: 17.92px;">TP21 signal after third JFET buffer 290mVpp (0 dB)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aROgE9_5oQI/WX3sK8WzV1I/AAAAAAAAM_s/UoCttnVc8SQ8j8_Lq49BOQ1bhclVoPcfQCLcBGAs/s1600/tp5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="672" height="284" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-aROgE9_5oQI/WX3sK8WzV1I/AAAAAAAAM_s/UoCttnVc8SQ8j8_Lq49BOQ1bhclVoPcfQCLcBGAs/s640/tp5.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "georgia" , "utopia" , "palatino linotype" , "palatino" , serif; font-size: 12.8px; line-height: 17.92px;">TP5 signal after second triode anode 760mVpp (8.5 dB)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-evkpMKlODNI/WX3sXOPb9rI/AAAAAAAAM_w/g1PD_e-uOrw0eVoiXAWSYy0MyanjgOEIwCLcBGAs/s1600/c27_g_0.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="672" height="284" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-evkpMKlODNI/WX3sXOPb9rI/AAAAAAAAM_w/g1PD_e-uOrw0eVoiXAWSYy0MyanjgOEIwCLcBGAs/s640/c27_g_0.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "georgia" , "utopia" , "palatino linotype" , "palatino" , serif; font-size: 12.8px; line-height: 17.92px;">C27 signal after fourth JFET amplifier 57mV, Gain 2 = 0 (-22.5 dB)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-L1-te8JEVTs/WX3sgyFiErI/AAAAAAAAM_0/sXQTrIC2pnkTBxz47yTvu2gKMqPu2rCowCLcBGAs/s1600/c27_g_0.5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="672" height="284" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-L1-te8JEVTs/WX3sgyFiErI/AAAAAAAAM_0/sXQTrIC2pnkTBxz47yTvu2gKMqPu2rCowCLcBGAs/s640/c27_g_0.5.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "georgia" , "utopia" , "palatino linotype" , "palatino" , serif; font-size: 12.8px;">C27 </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "georgia" , "utopia" , "palatino linotype" , "palatino" , serif; font-size: 12.8px;">signal after fourth JFET amplifier 300mV, Gain 2 = 0.5 (-8 dB)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DVX1XkkeBCg/WX3sotOEBRI/AAAAAAAAM_4/AhkSMHJfqXMeCz8XjcXPX1gQNJwMZBqhgCLcBGAs/s1600/c27_g_1.0.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="672" height="284" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-DVX1XkkeBCg/WX3sotOEBRI/AAAAAAAAM_4/AhkSMHJfqXMeCz8XjcXPX1gQNJwMZBqhgCLcBGAs/s640/c27_g_1.0.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "georgia" , "utopia" , "palatino linotype" , "palatino" , serif; font-size: 12.8px;">C27 </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "georgia" , "utopia" , "palatino linotype" , "palatino" , serif; font-size: 12.8px;">signal after fourth JFET amplifier 450mV, Gain 2 = 1.0 (-4.6 dB)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jhBa6t_qBos/WX3swwH7R_I/AAAAAAAAM_8/NoLxo03YBmYdfK6ly5pgRXbFm8NDEO7tACLcBGAs/s1600/c27_g_0.0_boost.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="672" height="284" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jhBa6t_qBos/WX3swwH7R_I/AAAAAAAAM_8/NoLxo03YBmYdfK6ly5pgRXbFm8NDEO7tACLcBGAs/s640/c27_g_0.0_boost.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "georgia" , "utopia" , "palatino linotype" , "palatino" , serif; font-size: 12.8px;">C27 </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "georgia" , "utopia" , "palatino linotype" , "palatino" , serif; font-size: 12.8px;">signal after fourth JFET amplifier 1100mV, Gain 2 = 0.0. BOOST ON (3.2 dB)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BXZZ9833VII/WX3s7IeG4JI/AAAAAAAANAA/8JxfmE2T2EMW6L3gB1A35ZdVOc5AUc-TACLcBGAs/s1600/c27_g_0.5_boost.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="672" height="284" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-BXZZ9833VII/WX3s7IeG4JI/AAAAAAAANAA/8JxfmE2T2EMW6L3gB1A35ZdVOc5AUc-TACLcBGAs/s640/c27_g_0.5_boost.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "georgia" , "utopia" , "palatino linotype" , "palatino" , serif; font-size: 12.8px;">C27 </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "georgia" , "utopia" , "palatino linotype" , "palatino" , serif; font-size: 12.8px;">signal after fourth JFET amplifier 5630mV, Gain 2 = 0.5. BOOST ON (17.4 dB)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mSXn_jhrSzI/WX3tGUsyoRI/AAAAAAAANAE/4tUD5OGa2gAwyQ4TZFLTd2ODU5QblshyQCLcBGAs/s1600/c27_g_1.0_boost.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="672" height="284" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-mSXn_jhrSzI/WX3tGUsyoRI/AAAAAAAANAE/4tUD5OGa2gAwyQ4TZFLTd2ODU5QblshyQCLcBGAs/s640/c27_g_1.0_boost.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "georgia" , "utopia" , "palatino linotype" , "palatino" , serif; font-size: 12.8px; line-height: 17.92px;">C27 </span><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: "georgia" , "utopia" , "palatino linotype" , "palatino" , serif; font-size: 12.8px; line-height: 17.92px;">signal after fourth JFET amplifier 7880mV, Gain 2 = 1.0. BOOST ON (20.3 dB)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
Rezzonicshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04959625898477770956noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4093825090752327329.post-19631269037241298412017-07-30T00:11:00.001+02:002017-07-30T17:53:04.933+02:00Korg Nutube 6P1 vs 12AX7 tube: Hybrid Amplifier (4)<div style="text-align: center;">
<h2>
Korg Nutube 6P1 Hybrid Amplifier circuit test and verification</h2>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Below a close picture of the Korg NuTube 6P1 powered on.</div>
</div>
<div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6IrOeS6Y5lc/WXPCsZhC6gI/AAAAAAAAM8Q/MBJ0vvyWzycZwaalkrkr1jPpSxoPuoDegCLcBGAs/s1600/20170713_182921.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="894" data-original-width="1600" height="356" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6IrOeS6Y5lc/WXPCsZhC6gI/AAAAAAAAM8Q/MBJ0vvyWzycZwaalkrkr1jPpSxoPuoDegCLcBGAs/s640/20170713_182921.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Korg Nutube 6P1</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
A picture of the whole board powered on.<br />
Blue LED is +24V power on, greeen LED is +5V power on.Top sliding switch is +24V on/off, just below is the +5V on/off switch. To the right is the Gain Boost on/off for the power amp 8ohm speaker section, just below, the blue potentiometer, is the output gain control, below is the Gain Boost switch for the headphones/line-out section, below it is the power amp volume, below at the bottom is the headphones/line-out volume.<br />
On the left at the bottom are the three controls for the 3-band equalizer, based on a Fender tone stack: bass, mid and trebles. Above the bass control is the input gain.<br />
The 24-pins TSSOP device on the right is the 25W class-D power amplifier.<br />
NuTube 6P1 is plugged into a 2mm pitch socket resting over 2 rubber bumpers to avoid vibrations that could pick microphonic noise.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Jl3Hl0C8ujI/WXPB4ZeSrfI/AAAAAAAAM8E/Nt5INxLEeBQQZtEcZNRnNEluUPX_R9-AACLcBGAs/s1600/20170713_182556.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="894" data-original-width="1600" height="356" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Jl3Hl0C8ujI/WXPB4ZeSrfI/AAAAAAAAM8E/Nt5INxLEeBQQZtEcZNRnNEluUPX_R9-AACLcBGAs/s640/20170713_182556.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Korg Nutube 6P1 Hybrid 25W Amplifier</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3>
Wave signal verification with oscilloscope</h3>
Summary of results:</div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>First JFET amplifier gain with gain control </li>
<ul>
<li>G1=0.0 =>-2.7 dB</li>
<li>G1=0.5 => 0.1 dB</li>
<li>G1=1.0 => 1.6 dB</li>
</ul>
<li>First NuTube 6P1 triode stage gain is 14dB</li>
<li>Second JFET buffer gain is 0dB</li>
<li>3-band equalizer gain at 1kHz with Bass, Mid and Top = 0.5 is -18dB</li>
<li>Second NuTube 6P1 triode stage gain is 15dB</li>
<li>Third JFET amplifier gain with gain control and Boost Off:</li>
<ul>
<li>G2=0.0 =>-20 dB</li>
<li>G2=0.5 => -5 dB</li>
<li>G2=1.0 => -1 dB</li>
</ul>
<li>Third JFET amplifier gain with gain control and Boost ON:</li>
<ul>
<li>G2=0.0 =>-2.5 dB</li>
<li>G2=0.5 => 12 dB</li>
<li>G2=1.0 => 15 dB</li>
</ul>
</ul>
Maximum output level is 12750mVpp which corresponds to a maximum total gain of 26.5dB<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><br />
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-gVcEFKYxsXs/WXz8w1pFM6I/AAAAAAAAM9k/SRAUsI-JBw4-SdSPWZ-JvnyGg8ehDQPBwCLcBGAs/s1600/fxin_1kHz.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="672" height="284" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-gVcEFKYxsXs/WXz8w1pFM6I/AAAAAAAAM9k/SRAUsI-JBw4-SdSPWZ-JvnyGg8ehDQPBwCLcBGAs/s640/fxin_1kHz.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Input signal: Sine wave 600mVpp 1kHz</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
A 1kHz sinewave 600mVpp is used at the input<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-FfIfYI3N7yw/WXz86P7btnI/AAAAAAAAM9o/Z7TKqjiTJask3OwYqZTCGXv3T6fW5BtMgCLcBGAs/s1600/tp1_g2_0.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="672" height="284" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-FfIfYI3N7yw/WXz86P7btnI/AAAAAAAAM9o/Z7TKqjiTJask3OwYqZTCGXv3T6fW5BtMgCLcBGAs/s640/tp1_g2_0.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">TP2 signal after first JFET buffer 44</span><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">0 mVpp. </span><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Gain 1 = 0.0 (-2.7 dB)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-x5eh8kXlv04/WXz9FhFsmwI/AAAAAAAAM9s/A_Uwv0M6QHEfOs49f3iMDGWV4Yl5U4-IgCLcBGAs/s1600/tp1_g2_0.5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="672" height="284" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-x5eh8kXlv04/WXz9FhFsmwI/AAAAAAAAM9s/A_Uwv0M6QHEfOs49f3iMDGWV4Yl5U4-IgCLcBGAs/s640/tp1_g2_0.5.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">TP2 signal after first JFET buffer 6</span><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">10 mVpp. </span><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Gain 1 = 0.5. (0.1 dB)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-6HBixHIyHbg/WXz9OQEm0DI/AAAAAAAAM9w/tyoJQsF-OUAfoNfiusuLYDxxIE1lXhQvwCLcBGAs/s1600/tp1_g2_1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="672" height="284" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-6HBixHIyHbg/WXz9OQEm0DI/AAAAAAAAM9w/tyoJQsF-OUAfoNfiusuLYDxxIE1lXhQvwCLcBGAs/s640/tp1_g2_1.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">TP2 signal after first JFET buffer 72</span><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">0 mVpp. </span><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Gain 1 = 1.0 (1.6 dB)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UqZM4kwASbk/WXz-PAVksFI/AAAAAAAAM98/Mj365rw6_tgCFbvJ5iTFBh5bWduH6ipoQCLcBGAs/s1600/tp4_load0.5_g0.0.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="672" height="284" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-UqZM4kwASbk/WXz-PAVksFI/AAAAAAAAM98/Mj365rw6_tgCFbvJ5iTFBh5bWduH6ipoQCLcBGAs/s640/tp4_load0.5_g0.0.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">TP4 signal after first triode anode 2180mVpp. Gain 1 = 0.0 (13.9 dB</span><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-WrzLp-1oJ84/WXz-wagagTI/AAAAAAAAM-A/nhnzL2PWQjUyjfrfPyNIhcxwBqBnEe95ACLcBGAs/s1600/tp4_load0.5_g0.5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="672" height="284" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-WrzLp-1oJ84/WXz-wagagTI/AAAAAAAAM-A/nhnzL2PWQjUyjfrfPyNIhcxwBqBnEe95ACLcBGAs/s640/tp4_load0.5_g0.5.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">TP4 signal after first triode anode 2910mVpp. Gain 1 = 0.5 (13.6 dB</span><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-I7bjW_EdEMs/WXz9ad82TII/AAAAAAAAM90/0rEHCyCV1hEjfJXCEMVUHLjj1rRUpfLuACLcBGAs/s1600/tp4_load0.5_g1.0.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="672" height="284" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-I7bjW_EdEMs/WXz9ad82TII/AAAAAAAAM90/0rEHCyCV1hEjfJXCEMVUHLjj1rRUpfLuACLcBGAs/s640/tp4_load0.5_g1.0.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">TP4 signal after first triode anode 3440mVpp. Gain 1 = 1.0 (13.6 dB</span><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jdzeNaYnze0/WXz_dcy2HuI/AAAAAAAAM-E/2E6jGp-aPXs1dUeJ5gyIsg6TLygefAhFQCLcBGAs/s1600/c16_load0.5_g1.0.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="672" height="284" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jdzeNaYnze0/WXz_dcy2HuI/AAAAAAAAM-E/2E6jGp-aPXs1dUeJ5gyIsg6TLygefAhFQCLcBGAs/s640/c16_load0.5_g1.0.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">C16 signal after second JFET buffer 3440mVpp. Gain 1 = 1.0 (0 dB)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-CCrMTCO9VrY/WXz_oz_GvgI/AAAAAAAAM-I/SVWeCwKf-Mw6-VP-rMmk1sAR4fHoj7hggCLcBGAs/s1600/c20_tone0.5_l0.5_g1.0.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="672" height="284" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-CCrMTCO9VrY/WXz_oz_GvgI/AAAAAAAAM-I/SVWeCwKf-Mw6-VP-rMmk1sAR4fHoj7hggCLcBGAs/s640/c20_tone0.5_l0.5_g1.0.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">C20 signal after 3-band equalizer 45</span><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">0mVpp</span><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">. Gain = 1.0, Treble=Middle=Bass = 0.5 (-17.7 dB)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IfVVC2KoU2w/WXz_0dv_6cI/AAAAAAAAM-M/3k5zQAxFNRsycai5UzKhEvXTiyDDn5aOACLcBGAs/s1600/tp21_tone0.5_l0.5_g1.0.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="672" height="284" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-IfVVC2KoU2w/WXz_0dv_6cI/AAAAAAAAM-M/3k5zQAxFNRsycai5UzKhEvXTiyDDn5aOACLcBGAs/s640/tp21_tone0.5_l0.5_g1.0.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">TP21 signal after third JFET buffer 380mVpp (-1.5 dB)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gvXpn7ye63E/WXz_9ND_hZI/AAAAAAAAM-Q/p2eAAZEVfBsnoWC5hCY--pl5xAti2k6egCLcBGAs/s1600/tp5_tone0.5_l0.5_g1.0.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="672" height="284" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-gvXpn7ye63E/WXz_9ND_hZI/AAAAAAAAM-Q/p2eAAZEVfBsnoWC5hCY--pl5xAti2k6egCLcBGAs/s640/tp5_tone0.5_l0.5_g1.0.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">TP5 signal after second triode anode 2170mVpp (15.1 dB)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ZmYF1V1IDbk/WX0APsYupyI/AAAAAAAAM-U/ywFwxSCXMXsDRNS5x2RCcZOAzEE-xtREgCLcBGAs/s1600/c27_tone0.5_l0.5_g20.0.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="672" height="284" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ZmYF1V1IDbk/WX0APsYupyI/AAAAAAAAM-U/ywFwxSCXMXsDRNS5x2RCcZOAzEE-xtREgCLcBGAs/s640/c27_tone0.5_l0.5_g20.0.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">C27 signal after fourth JFET amplifier 220mV, Gain 2 = 0 (-20 dB)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-M8cub1m92KE/WX0AZTDzXvI/AAAAAAAAM-Y/l_MBD-tCHvolUURyGTbku5RNxM3VGr_4QCLcBGAs/s1600/c27_tone0.5_l0.5_g20.5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="672" height="284" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-M8cub1m92KE/WX0AZTDzXvI/AAAAAAAAM-Y/l_MBD-tCHvolUURyGTbku5RNxM3VGr_4QCLcBGAs/s640/c27_tone0.5_l0.5_g20.5.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">C27 </span><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">signal after fourth JFET amplifier 1230mV, Gain 2 = 0.5 (-5 dB)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-oMKGjLWv-2o/WX0Al-WLspI/AAAAAAAAM-c/aYPusRClW1EJ4rE1pUZxv5bzT4LXMIxzwCLcBGAs/s1600/c27_tone0.5_l0.5_g1.0.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="672" height="284" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-oMKGjLWv-2o/WX0Al-WLspI/AAAAAAAAM-c/aYPusRClW1EJ4rE1pUZxv5bzT4LXMIxzwCLcBGAs/s640/c27_tone0.5_l0.5_g1.0.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">C27 </span><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">signal after fourth JFET amplifier 1950mV, Gain 2 = 1.0 (-1 dB)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TbNeL9P2TgY/WX0A016HHtI/AAAAAAAAM-g/BzAS0Y0QXO40CSDDAvg0TIW3TbqPW8N5ACLcBGAs/s1600/c27_tone0.5_l0.5_g20.0_boost.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="672" height="284" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TbNeL9P2TgY/WX0A016HHtI/AAAAAAAAM-g/BzAS0Y0QXO40CSDDAvg0TIW3TbqPW8N5ACLcBGAs/s640/c27_tone0.5_l0.5_g20.0_boost.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">C27 </span><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">signal after fourth JFET amplifier 1620mV, Gain 2 = 0.0. BOOST ON (-2.5 dB)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rqRDAFZcE-A/WX0BA4CqfjI/AAAAAAAAM-k/Ho7Ol_OPt6AqOK0RnB8TVjVz4LBmkxUQQCLcBGAs/s1600/c27_tone0.5_l0.5_g20.5_boost.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="672" height="284" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-rqRDAFZcE-A/WX0BA4CqfjI/AAAAAAAAM-k/Ho7Ol_OPt6AqOK0RnB8TVjVz4LBmkxUQQCLcBGAs/s640/c27_tone0.5_l0.5_g20.5_boost.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">C27 </span><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">signal after fourth JFET amplifier 8810mV, Gain 2 = 0.5. BOOST ON (12.2 dB)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LC51_OEBkU8/WX0BJBh8AAI/AAAAAAAAM-o/V4KWnK4-3uMkFS9IyEg4xhWeHD0gHb2SACLcBGAs/s1600/c27_tone0.5_l0.5_g21.0_boost.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="299" data-original-width="672" height="284" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LC51_OEBkU8/WX0BJBh8AAI/AAAAAAAAM-o/V4KWnK4-3uMkFS9IyEg4xhWeHD0gHb2SACLcBGAs/s640/c27_tone0.5_l0.5_g21.0_boost.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">C27 </span><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">signal after fourth JFET amplifier 12750mV, Gain 2 = 1.0. BOOST ON (15.4 dB)</span></td></tr>
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Rezzonicshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04959625898477770956noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4093825090752327329.post-35544567404229917752017-07-29T20:34:00.002+02:002018-03-24T23:11:57.138+01:00Korg Nutube 6P1 vs 12AX7 tube: Hybrid Amplifier (3)<h2>
Korg Nutube 6P1/12AX7 Hybrid Amplifier Schematics</h2>
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Schematics are implemented using Eagle CAD 6.5. Circuit is compatible with Korg NuTube 6P1 triode and 12AU7/12AX7 triode valves by changing assembly options.<br /><br />Eagle CAD 6.3.0 files and BoM can be found here:</div>
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<a href="https://github.com/Rezzonics/NuTubeAmp">https://github.com/Rezzonics/NuTubeAmp</a></div>
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Page 1 shows input preamp. The circuit consists of the following stages:</div>
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</div>
<ul>
<li>1. Input dual JFET buffer/ amplifier with gain 1 control</li>
<li>2a. First NuTube triode amplifier with load 1 and Bias control</li>
<li>2b. First 12AU7 triode amplifier with gain 1 control</li>
<li>3. Second dual JFET buffer</li>
<li>4. 3-band equalizer (Fender tone stack)</li>
<li>5. Third JFET buffer</li>
<li>6a. Second Nutbe triode amplifier with load 2 and Bias control</li>
<li>6b. Second 12AU7 triode amplifier</li>
<li>7. Fourth dual JFET amplifier with Gain 2 control and Boost switch</li>
</ul>
Last stage (7) is duplicated to connect to Power Amp or Headphones/Line Out sections. This means that there are independent Gain 2 and Boost controls for Power Amp and Headphones/Line Out.<br />
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NuTube 6P1 grid Bias can be controlled via RV3 trimmer from 0 to 3.4V, optimal value is obtained between 0.4-0.5.</div>
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Both triode filaments are powered by a +5V DC/DC converter, 240R resistors control the filament current on NuTube triode.</div>
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VR1-VR2 trimmers allow to change Nutube triodes anode load. Optimal value is obtained at 0.5-0.7.</div>
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RV2 attenuation trimmer is optional, normally not connected.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Isy5z0jzzqc/WXPGIhyUhNI/AAAAAAAAM8k/MDrApzwsg2sn-3K0p0EwpkBY6NO-bqVrgCLcBGAs/s1600/NuTubeAmp_sch1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1078" data-original-width="1524" height="452" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Isy5z0jzzqc/WXPGIhyUhNI/AAAAAAAAM8k/MDrApzwsg2sn-3K0p0EwpkBY6NO-bqVrgCLcBGAs/s640/NuTubeAmp_sch1.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Schematics page 1/3: Input preamp</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Page 2 consists of the following sections:<br />
<br />
<ol>
<li>TI TPA3112D1 25W class-D Audio Power Amplifier</li>
<li>TI TPA6111A2D 150mW headphones amplifier</li>
<li>TI LME49723 dual opamp buffer for Headphones/Line-Out</li>
</ol>
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It is very important to add a 100K pull-up on AVCC pin 14, because the +24V power-on ramp can be very abrupt (>10V/ms) since it is controlled by a switch, if this pull-up is not added, power amp will be damaged.<br />
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There are independent volume controls for Power Amp, Headphones/Line-Out.<br />
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It is recommended to turn down the corresponding volume control before switching on the Boost, since a capacitor is connected abruptly and can generate loud pops, maybe a low value resistor added in series with the switch and capacitor could avoid this.<br />
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JP1-JP2 can change the gain of the power amp, if they are not installed gain is set to maximum.<br />
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RV10 allows to set power limit on power amp.<br />
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RV8 is the power amp volume control, it can be very loud if set to maximum. A series resistor could be added to reduce loudness.<br />
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A similar thing happens to RV9 Headphones/Line Out volume control<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-j6xRzUjfyCU/WXPGJXW0C9I/AAAAAAAAM8o/aQ5VgxIRCMYALMZLidRjenypkeHDfw__ACLcBGAs/s1600/NuTubeAmp_sch2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1078" data-original-width="1524" height="452" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-j6xRzUjfyCU/WXPGJXW0C9I/AAAAAAAAM8o/aQ5VgxIRCMYALMZLidRjenypkeHDfw__ACLcBGAs/s640/NuTubeAmp_sch2.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Schematics Page 2/3: Class D 25W Power Amp, Headphones Amp, Line Out</td></tr>
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Page 3 consists of the following sections:<br />
<ol>
<li>+24V DC power input connector, filter and switch</li>
<li>+24V to +5V DC/DC converter (0.5A)</li>
<li>+24V ON LED, +5V ON LED</li>
</ol>
An external AC/DC 220VAC to 24VDC (>30W, >1.25A) external wall adapter with a 2.1 barrel DC connector (center positive) is required.<br />
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It is important to use a clean external AC/DC supply with switching frequencies out of the audible spectrum (>50kHz switching frequency recommended). A 100uH + 2x100uF input filter is used but frequencies lower than 1kHz are difficult to filter out.<br />
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The +24V to +5V DC/DC converter is used to power the heating filament for both Nutube 6P1 and 12AX7 tube and the headphones amplifier. Heater voltage for 12AX7 tubes is specified at +6.3VDC but 5V works well in starving mode.<br />
<br />
Two +24V and +5V power on switches have been added, +24V power-on switch works as a standby control so that heater (+5V power-on switch) can be powered-on before the amp is powered. the inverse sequence should be respected when powering-off.<br />
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For NuTube 6P1 this powering on sequence is not required.<br />
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A blue/orange LED (NuTube/12AX7 use different colours) on the left shows when +24V power is active.<br />
A green/orange LED on the right shows when +5V heater power is active.<br />
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Most of the power is dissipated by the Class-D power amp (25W), the heater + headphones amp dissipates less than 2.4W, and the preamplifier circuit 15mW, for a total of 28W max.<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_q8UfDXO6Ew/WXPGJmosasI/AAAAAAAAM8s/2tM40dhjeaw9Siyfv034QoDZEw92aYTyQCLcBGAs/s1600/NuTubeAmp_sch3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1078" data-original-width="1524" height="452" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-_q8UfDXO6Ew/WXPGJmosasI/AAAAAAAAM8s/2tM40dhjeaw9Siyfv034QoDZEw92aYTyQCLcBGAs/s640/NuTubeAmp_sch3.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Schematics 3/3: +24V to +5V @ 0.5A DC/DC converter</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2>
Korg Nutube 6P1/12AX7 Hybrid Amplifier PCB layout</h2>
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A simple 2-side PCB board can support both hybrid amplifier versions NuTube/12AX7 by just using different assembly options.</div>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-wX2Du0_FB8E/WXPGIv5n8II/AAAAAAAAM8g/bKysTA7zGwIg-uW9cz7M4FwjUX21MFpwQCLcBGAs/s1600/NuTubeAmp_brd_top.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1078" data-original-width="1524" height="452" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-wX2Du0_FB8E/WXPGIv5n8II/AAAAAAAAM8g/bKysTA7zGwIg-uW9cz7M4FwjUX21MFpwQCLcBGAs/s640/NuTubeAmp_brd_top.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">PCB top layer</td></tr>
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<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-98H3TY4l7Fo/WXPGGv39BfI/AAAAAAAAM8c/JYx-r15XLX0Va7yoFwbHRS16AIizEZELACLcBGAs/s1600/NuTubeAmp_brd_bot.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1078" data-original-width="1524" height="452" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-98H3TY4l7Fo/WXPGGv39BfI/AAAAAAAAM8c/JYx-r15XLX0Va7yoFwbHRS16AIizEZELACLcBGAs/s640/NuTubeAmp_brd_bot.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">PCB bottom layer</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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Rezzonicshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04959625898477770956noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4093825090752327329.post-60703661660598113982017-06-09T19:42:00.001+02:002017-07-30T17:52:48.994+02:00Korg Nutube 6P1 vs 12AX7 tube: Hybrid Amplifier (2)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: large;">Clash of the Titans</span></div>
The two contenders:<br />
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NuTube 6P1 vs hungry12AU7/12AX7</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xIio0ZEQudI/WTrdojg0IVI/AAAAAAAAMg8/RtVXgRoaeQ8Ycq_6376vwdI2DNGw2Sh7wCLcB/s1600/Triodes.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="900" height="640" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xIio0ZEQudI/WTrdojg0IVI/AAAAAAAAMg8/RtVXgRoaeQ8Ycq_6376vwdI2DNGw2Sh7wCLcB/s640/Triodes.jpg" width="360" /></a></div>
<br />Rezzonicshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04959625898477770956noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4093825090752327329.post-16481209135498775912017-06-06T00:04:00.001+02:002018-03-24T23:10:48.261+01:00Korg Nutube 6P1 vs 12AU7 tube: Hybrid Amplifier (1)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
My next project is an Hybrid guitar amplifier: Triode preamp + Class D 25W amplifier.<br />FreeCAD 3D files can be found here:</div>
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<a href="https://github.com/Rezzonics/NuTubeAmp">https://github.com/Rezzonics/NuTubeAmp</a></div>
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The preamp section can be populated with a Korg Nutube 6P1 triode</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-t9aYFPbqck8/WTXUHk2PPeI/AAAAAAAAMgo/-AmtCM6OnIEAKGHttEVYPh_krAdco_pfwCLcB/s1600/Tubulator_NuTube_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="954" data-original-width="1600" height="380" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-t9aYFPbqck8/WTXUHk2PPeI/AAAAAAAAMgo/-AmtCM6OnIEAKGHttEVYPh_krAdco_pfwCLcB/s640/Tubulator_NuTube_2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
or alternatively a 12AU7 tube<br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-B7xbH96QnGg/WTXUG3dGdZI/AAAAAAAAMgg/RUtA2KWjVks6L7c94KJKVB97vqiP_SMggCLcB/s1600/Tubulator_12AU7_2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="954" data-original-width="1600" height="380" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-B7xbH96QnGg/WTXUG3dGdZI/AAAAAAAAMgg/RUtA2KWjVks6L7c94KJKVB97vqiP_SMggCLcB/s640/Tubulator_12AU7_2.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
The amp is powered by an external AC/DC 24VDC out wall adapter.<br />
It includes headphones, line out and 8 <span style="background-color: white; color: #545454; font-family: "arial" , sans-serif;">Ω</span> speaker with 25W output.<br />
Everyting is packed on a compact 1590J enclosure:<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6cF36vSo6Fw/WTXUGy8ghyI/AAAAAAAAMgk/bxym5g_Oqmgoj89QM31aU2BhQCL_yzLYACLcB/s1600/Tubulator_NuTube.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="954" data-original-width="1600" height="380" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-6cF36vSo6Fw/WTXUGy8ghyI/AAAAAAAAMgk/bxym5g_Oqmgoj89QM31aU2BhQCL_yzLYACLcB/s640/Tubulator_NuTube.jpg" width="640" /></a><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xNDngc94XbU/WTXUGpl-9GI/AAAAAAAAMgc/QrhaYJDDz94qgFH6Ew0gSUnwsuo5UYuogCLcB/s1600/Tubulator_12AU7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="954" data-original-width="1600" height="380" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-xNDngc94XbU/WTXUGpl-9GI/AAAAAAAAMgc/QrhaYJDDz94qgFH6Ew0gSUnwsuo5UYuogCLcB/s640/Tubulator_12AU7.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<br />Rezzonicshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04959625898477770956noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4093825090752327329.post-5716376805464838182017-05-26T00:17:00.001+02:002017-05-26T00:17:46.288+02:00Korg NuTube 6P1 vs 12AX7 starved tube / valve: Gain and frequency responseThe following figure shows the Schematics used to compare the frequency response of NuTube 6P1 vs 12AX7 in starved mode:<br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Tl6RB6M-98g/WSdRXbop0vI/AAAAAAAAMfk/z5C-TMbJAY83DGkl-1SX5u6K0zs2kkmUQCLcB/s1600/nu6p1_vs_12ax7_sch.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="657" data-original-width="929" height="452" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Tl6RB6M-98g/WSdRXbop0vI/AAAAAAAAMfk/z5C-TMbJAY83DGkl-1SX5u6K0zs2kkmUQCLcB/s640/nu6p1_vs_12ax7_sch.png" width="640" /></a></div>
12AX7 has a 1M pulldown on grid input while NuTube 6P1 has a bias circuit to adjust the bias voltage on the grid between 0V and 3.3V, connected to the grid via 33K series resistor, the typical grid current of 6uA has been added, since the model does not include this bias current.<br />
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Anode/plate output resistor load is 500K in both circuits.<br />
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Both circuits have anode/plate connected to +24V via a series resistor and a potentiometer to adjust load.<br />
NuTube 6P1 has resistor values multiplied by 10 to be able to sweep around the maximum gain point.<br />
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The following figure shows the starved 12AX7 frequency response between 10 Hz and 20 kHz with anode load potentiometer varying from 0 to 1. A maximum gain of 24.6 dB is obtained with a load resistance of 50K<br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-p2HGRkl2ZF4/WSdTrX6cPwI/AAAAAAAAMfw/uYRDwUUAp7UC9OGOrEBj_FTTCM9JPtx_gCLcB/s1600/12ax7_freq.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="657" data-original-width="929" height="452" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-p2HGRkl2ZF4/WSdTrX6cPwI/AAAAAAAAMfw/uYRDwUUAp7UC9OGOrEBj_FTTCM9JPtx_gCLcB/s640/12ax7_freq.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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The following figure shows the NuTube 6P1 frequency response between 10 Hz and 20 kHz with anode load potentiometer varying from 0 to 1. A maximum gain of 15.9 dB is obtained with a load resistance of 400K.<br /><a href="http://korgnutube.com/en/guide/" target="_blank">NuTube 6P1 application note</a> shows a gain of 14dB with anode powered at +12V and 17 dB with anode powered at +30V, which actually corresponds to simulations.<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/--Cs6Hyb03xI/WSdVLFv7HCI/AAAAAAAAMf8/LmTno-EdQKwJy7C4CxbYU9HsJmpOaXq7wCLcB/s1600/nu6p1_freq.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="657" data-original-width="929" height="452" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/--Cs6Hyb03xI/WSdVLFv7HCI/AAAAAAAAMf8/LmTno-EdQKwJy7C4CxbYU9HsJmpOaXq7wCLcB/s640/nu6p1_freq.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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Bypass capacitors are also compared between 10nF and 10uF. NuTube 6P1 bypass capacitor value must be multiplied by 15 in order to have a similar response at lower frequencies:<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Q29jBM-hE0Q/WSdXmb-cFtI/AAAAAAAAMgI/ncseiDVOSrAPPCdaqgG5TOX5r9JntJL8ACLcB/s1600/nu6p1_vs_12ax7_freq_cbyp.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="657" data-original-width="929" height="452" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Q29jBM-hE0Q/WSdXmb-cFtI/AAAAAAAAMgI/ncseiDVOSrAPPCdaqgG5TOX5r9JntJL8ACLcB/s640/nu6p1_vs_12ax7_freq_cbyp.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />Rezzonicshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04959625898477770956noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4093825090752327329.post-35871737979868124022017-05-25T21:47:00.000+02:002018-04-28T17:18:16.014+02:00Korg NuTube 6P1 vs 12AX7 starved tube / valve: SPICE modelsI purchased some KORG NuTube 6P1 triodes samples and I wanted to build a guitar preamp circuit to get the characteristic tube sound and distortion.<br />
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I could not find any guitar preamp amplifier schematics that would suit me so I decided to make my own circuit based on the reference circuit and add some gain, tone stack and volume controls<br />
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I am more of a "SPICE simulation" kind of guy than a "bread-boarding" guy, also because I like to use SMD components and try to be closer to the final guitar pedal than just a prototype. I have quite some confidence in SPICE results provided that models are accurate.<br />
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I wanted to simulate my NuTube circuit before building a guitar pedal or amp. The problem is that there were no NuTube SPICE models available.<br />
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I found that Koren had obtained a method for obtaining tube SPICE parameters from datasheet curves plate current (Ip) vs plate-cathode voltage (Vpk) for variable Vgk (grid-cathode voltage). Actually the models I have from traditional triodes, all come from using this method.<br />
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I downloaded Koren's <b>MATLAB </b>program and followed his instructions for <a href="http://www.normankoren.com/Audio/Tube_params.html" target="_blank">Finding SPICE tube model parameters</a>.<br />
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<a href="http://www.normankoren.com/Audio/Tubemodspice_article.html" target="_blank">Improved vacuum tube models for SPICE simulations</a><br />
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The task showed to be more difficult than I thought, convergence of the method did not work very well, and I had a lot of tuning to make.<br />
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These are the current-voltage curves from the datasheet:</div>
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<a href="http://korgnutube.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/images/IaVa_IgVg_No9.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://korgnutube.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/images/IaVa_IgVg_No9.jpg" data-original-height="520" data-original-width="800" height="416" width="640"></a></div>
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The following figure shows the curves I obtained in MATLAB using Koren's approximation method with the points taken from NuTube datasheet:</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-CY27XEhh1Zw/WScbgNReY1I/AAAAAAAAMeQ/7X15otS1OwISjaGqfhZcRKgqnXo4RlRPQCLcB/s1600/NU6P1_l.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="420" data-original-width="560" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-CY27XEhh1Zw/WScbgNReY1I/AAAAAAAAMeQ/7X15otS1OwISjaGqfhZcRKgqnXo4RlRPQCLcB/s640/NU6P1_l.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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There is some dispersion in the curves from the datasheet points but that was the best I could get.</div>
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This is the NuTube 6P1 SPICE model I got:</div>
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<i><b>.SUBCKT NU6P1_l 1 2 3 ; P G C (Triode)</b></i></div>
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<i><b>X1 1 2 3 TRIODE MU= 18.10 EX= 4.080 KG1=4270851.9 KP=451.94 KVB= 4.2 VCT= 0.00 RGI=330k CCG=9.1P CGP=2.5P CCP=4.3P</b></i></div>
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<i><b>* http://www.nutube.us/downloads/Nutube_Datasheet_31.pdf 13-May-2017</b></i></div>
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<i><b>.ENDS</b></i></div>
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And this is Koren's 12AX7 model:</div>
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<b><i>.SUBCKT 12AX7 1 2 3 ; A G C<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>(Triode) OLD MODEL<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>AKA ECC83</i></b></div>
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<b><i>* Original Koren Model</i></b></div>
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<b><i>X1 1 2 3 TRIODE MU=100 EX=1.4 KG1=1060 KP=600 KVB=300 VCT=0.00 RGI=2000 CCG=2.3P CGP=2.4P CCP=.9P<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>; ADD .7PF TO ADJACENT PINS; .5 TO OTHERS.</i></b></div>
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<b><i>.ENDS<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>12AX7</i></b></div>
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<b>Mu</b> is 18, much lower than 12AX7 with a value around 100.</div>
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The exponent <b>EX </b>is quite high, around 4, compared to 1.4 on the 12AX7</div>
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A high <b>KG1</b> value corresponds to a low plate current.</div>
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<b>KP</b> which is used in the high plate voltage region is 452 compared to 600.</div>
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<b>KVB</b> knee voltage is 4.2, much lower than 12AX7 value of 300.</div>
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<b>RGI, CCG, CGP and CCP</b> are obtained from the Datasheet.</div>
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Anyway, I had my NuTube 6P1 SPICE model and I could start designing and simulating my guitar preamp.</div>
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Then the user <b>Teemuk </b>from <b>DIYstompboxes </b>forum posted <a href="http://www.diystompboxes.com/smfforum/index.php?topic=109894.msg1094270#msg1094270" target="_blank">an interesting comment on this thread</a>, where he believed that <b>KORG NuTube 6P1 </b>response was not much different from a traditional tube (like <b>12AX7</b> or 12AZ7) in "starved" mode, that is, with a low plate/anode voltage.</div>
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There are several advantages praised by KORG about this NuTube: smaller size, higher reliability and low power voltage.<br />
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But if a similar response is obtained from a traditional "starved" tube powered at the same low voltages, one of the most important advantages does not exist anymore.<br />
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So I decided to try to make a comparison between them using LTSpice.<br />
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Unfortunately, according to some reports, it appears that existing SPICE models do not work well in the starved region, these are approximated models, and the starved region is just a tiny area in the curves that go up to 400V.<br />
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But I knew how to get SPICE parameters models from curves, so if I could find accurate current/voltage curves in the starved region I could make a model suited for those low voltages.<br />
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</div>
I then found this study on the net:<br />
<a href="http://www.valvewizard.co.uk/Triodes_at_low_voltages_Blencowe.pdf" target="_blank">Triodes at Low VoltagesLinear amplifiers under starved conditions.By Merlin Blencowe</a><br />
that showed these curves on the starved region obtained experimentally:<br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-CAKaQ89s8OA/WScg8u6PsmI/AAAAAAAAMeg/gVIlxKcowXQWMa_SEfJw07hIvrkg01C1ACLcB/s1600/Starved%2Bregion%2Bcurves.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="506" data-original-width="722" height="448" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-CAKaQ89s8OA/WScg8u6PsmI/AAAAAAAAMeg/gVIlxKcowXQWMa_SEfJw07hIvrkg01C1ACLcB/s640/Starved%2Bregion%2Bcurves.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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Again, using the Koren's method I got the following current-voltage approximated curves for 12AX7 triode:<br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vXFFXPDfacw/WSchhc6871I/AAAAAAAAMeo/TrH77cA2d5I_WAnLVTjQ5za2U7C22092QCLcB/s1600/12AX7_l.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="420" data-original-width="560" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-vXFFXPDfacw/WSchhc6871I/AAAAAAAAMeo/TrH77cA2d5I_WAnLVTjQ5za2U7C22092QCLcB/s640/12AX7_l.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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And again, there is some dispersion in the curves from the experimental points. The worst dispersion happens at the knee at Va=1V for Vgk=0V, where plate current is around 60uA instead of 100uA.<br />
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This is the obtained 12AX7 starved model:<br />
<b><i>.SUBCKT 12AX7_l 1 2 3 ; P G C (Triode)</i></b><br />
<b><i>X1 1 2 3 TRIODE MU= 81.48 EX=0.626 KG1=1865.5 KP=248.15 KVB=300.0 VCT=0.00 RGI=2000 CCG=2.3p CGP=2.4p CCP=0.9p ;</i></b><br />
<b><i>* http://www.valvewizard.co.uk/Triodes_at_low_voltages_Blencowe.pdf 24-May-2017</i></b><br />
<b><i>.ENDS</i></b><br />
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Mu is lower, Exponent EX is lower, KG1 is higher (lower plate current), KP is lower and KVB is the same.</div>
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These same curves can now be simulated using LTSpice. These are the schematics:</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-sXqfhmM6eC4/WSclE-ZKegI/AAAAAAAAMe4/r9bvTzTQigMzTeOcZrXQvYifHKfedhh6gCLcB/s1600/12AX7_starved_sch.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="657" data-original-width="929" height="452" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-sXqfhmM6eC4/WSclE-ZKegI/AAAAAAAAMe4/r9bvTzTQigMzTeOcZrXQvYifHKfedhh6gCLcB/s640/12AX7_starved_sch.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<b>Starved 12AX7 plate current</b> is then drawn with plate-cathode Vpk voltage (V2) varying from 0V to 24V in 0.1V steps, using grid-cathode voltage Vgk (V1) as a parameter varying from -0.5V to 0V in 0.1V steps:</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-C7icMSNDsTk/WScl5aXJhTI/AAAAAAAAMfA/1mle3jZ_BScd91C2ySk1tkOX4a8FiPc6QCLcB/s1600/12AX7_starved_curves.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="657" data-original-width="929" height="452" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-C7icMSNDsTk/WScl5aXJhTI/AAAAAAAAMfA/1mle3jZ_BScd91C2ySk1tkOX4a8FiPc6QCLcB/s640/12AX7_starved_curves.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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The following figures show <b>NuTube 6P1 current-voltage</b> curves obtained from LTSpice with plate-cathode Vpk voltage (V2) varying from 0V to 30V in 0.1V steps, using grid-cathode voltage Vgk (V1) as a parameter varying from 0V to 4V in 0.5V steps compared to scaled values from datasheet:</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-tD29OMGO5qA/WScy4BxXrcI/AAAAAAAAMfU/0mKc6_6Okeg3JcY2RnjRYypoW88_sB6RwCLcB/s1600/nu6p1_starved_curves_spice.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="657" data-original-width="929" height="452" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-tD29OMGO5qA/WScy4BxXrcI/AAAAAAAAMfU/0mKc6_6Okeg3JcY2RnjRYypoW88_sB6RwCLcB/s640/nu6p1_starved_curves_spice.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-am_1AybdD1M/WScyjLE9wTI/AAAAAAAAMfQ/N1rbJEXkkykmiUQ6b9FchIP9uAg1O2h-ACLcB/s1600/nu6p1_starved_curves_ds.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="684" data-original-width="964" height="454" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-am_1AybdD1M/WScyjLE9wTI/AAAAAAAAMfQ/N1rbJEXkkykmiUQ6b9FchIP9uAg1O2h-ACLcB/s640/nu6p1_starved_curves_ds.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<br />Rezzonicshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04959625898477770956noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4093825090752327329.post-79222587086727479522017-05-19T20:33:00.000+02:002017-05-19T20:36:26.414+02:00Korg Nutube Triodes for Guitar Preamp<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Just received in the post two samples of Korg NuTube 6P1 triodes based on VFD technology, with a traditional valve response but much lower voltages.</div>
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I am planning to make a guitar preamp.</div>
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More info here:</div>
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<a href="http://nutube.us/">http://nutube.us/</a> (US site)</div>
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<a href="http://korgnutube.com/en/guide/">http://korgnutube.com/en/guide/</a> (Korg site)</div>
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<a href="http://www.pmillett.com/nuhybrid.html">http://www.pmillett.com/nuhybrid.html</a> (Pete Millet site)</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-PcNB7cgMPy8/WR85wwhJSUI/AAAAAAAAMd4/RvdVNnGVQTYDHEyEp-3RAPjBIvZOHrpjgCLcB/s1600/Phone%2B059.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="360" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-PcNB7cgMPy8/WR85wwhJSUI/AAAAAAAAMd4/RvdVNnGVQTYDHEyEp-3RAPjBIvZOHrpjgCLcB/s640/Phone%2B059.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<br />Rezzonicshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04959625898477770956noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4093825090752327329.post-4433166349791139652016-12-05T22:14:00.000+01:002016-12-18T19:39:10.606+01:00Dirty Little Secret: Assembly 2<h2>
DLS Assembly</h2>
<div>
Figure below shows a top view of the effect baseboard with 5 potentiometers: Treble, Mid, Bass, Gain, Volume, LED and toggle switch; 3PDT footswitch connected to baseboard with a 6-wire flat cable and 9V battery. </div>
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The 3PDT toggle switch is oversized and it's much taller than potentiometers, in the following version I will probably try to replace it with a lower profile 3PDT slide switch</div>
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The enclosure is a 1590B, it is too narrow to properly fit audio jacks and DC jack on the top side, I discovered that a 1550B enclosure is probably more suited to fit the baseboard. I had to file the corners in order to fit the baseboard closer to the top side but still there is a gap.</div>
<div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-gtGOOpv-pxg/WEXOmvhZ4nI/AAAAAAAAMVo/S-Ok6XnN3qUK9PKapmyjGywL4UbuDPPfgCLcB/s1600/DSC03381.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-gtGOOpv-pxg/WEXOmvhZ4nI/AAAAAAAAMVo/S-Ok6XnN3qUK9PKapmyjGywL4UbuDPPfgCLcB/s640/DSC03381.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">DLS top side view with enclosure. Baseboard, 3PDT footswitch, 9V battery and 1590B enclosure</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The figure below shows the bottom side with the JFET mezzanine board mounted on baseboard. I had to make some slots in order to plug the mezzanine because of the audio jacks were too deep.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8GyU9mxXcGE/WEXOnHe7ycI/AAAAAAAAMVw/V8jB1zDINBseNVAh4XoOu0ys7TuhjDimwCLcB/s1600/DSC03382.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8GyU9mxXcGE/WEXOnHe7ycI/AAAAAAAAMVw/V8jB1zDINBseNVAh4XoOu0ys7TuhjDimwCLcB/s640/DSC03382.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">DLS bottom side <span style="font-size: 12.8px;">view </span><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">with JFET mezzanine mounted </span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The figure below shows the baseboard bottom side with audio jacks (stereo for input and mono for output). FB1 and FB2 are input and output ferrite filters, CF1 is an EMI 9V power supply input filter, D3 is a reverse 9V voltage input protection, U3 is the 9V to 3.3V DC-DC regulator, L1 is switching inductor and L2 is an additional inductor of an LC filter. U4 is a mid-point 1.65V reference voltage. Some resistors and capacitors are part of a Marshall type equalizer filter with treble, mid and bass potentiometers soldered on the opposite side. JP2 is the 2-wire 9V battery connection and JP1 is the 6-wire connection to the true bypass 3PDT footswitch using a 0.1'' pitch flat cable. The two board-to-board connector are used to plug in the effect mezzanine board.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-yLl-_0BoJbs/WEXOmuk2SwI/AAAAAAAAMVs/jSmFoIXYnawJDglizYEpj-0LMN-ROW1cwCLcB/s1600/DSC03383.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-yLl-_0BoJbs/WEXOmuk2SwI/AAAAAAAAMVs/jSmFoIXYnawJDglizYEpj-0LMN-ROW1cwCLcB/s640/DSC03383.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">DLS base board bottom side view</td></tr>
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The figure below shows the DLS JFET mezzanine board with 3 one turn potentiometers for top JFETs biasing adjust. The DLS JFET effect contains 3 amplifier stages with 2 JFETs each (MMBF4117)<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-PtQhsZg1zPI/WEXO_vN_YiI/AAAAAAAAMV4/-81u1skxXu0OBku-bExldhlOsL4M-3agQCLcB/s1600/DSC03384.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-PtQhsZg1zPI/WEXO_vN_YiI/AAAAAAAAMV4/-81u1skxXu0OBku-bExldhlOsL4M-3agQCLcB/s640/DSC03384.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">DLS MOSFET mezzanine board</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The figure below shows the DLS MOSFET mezzanine board with 3 one turn potentiometers for MOSFET biasing adjust. The DLS MOSFET effect contains 2 amplifier stages and one output buffer stage (Fairchild FDV301VN or Diodes DMG301NU-13)<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XlSSgqFjuGs/WEXO-z547iI/AAAAAAAAMV0/a8rFBhc3DTUFgBk85iSBTlTLndgq3oUfACLcB/s1600/DSC03385.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-XlSSgqFjuGs/WEXO-z547iI/AAAAAAAAMV0/a8rFBhc3DTUFgBk85iSBTlTLndgq3oUfACLcB/s640/DSC03385.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">DLS JFET mezzanine board</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The figure below shows a view of the two DLS effect mezzanine boards: JFET on top and MOSFET on bottom.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8drEXtyYY9o/WEXPAYjvQgI/AAAAAAAAMV8/nkKuqOCeLj07XkO4GzeDiYUFPRCqUtpxQCLcB/s1600/DSC03386.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-8drEXtyYY9o/WEXPAYjvQgI/AAAAAAAAMV8/nkKuqOCeLj07XkO4GzeDiYUFPRCqUtpxQCLcB/s640/DSC03386.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">DLS: JFET mezzanine on top, MOSFET mezzanine on bottom</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-aCWv8uQThnY/WEwJcxQCsuI/AAAAAAAAMWQ/Wr7gYoa3goYO06-2maxUmkhnd-ZDsxXSACLcB/s1600/Dirty%2BLittle%2BSecret%2B1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-aCWv8uQThnY/WEwJcxQCsuI/AAAAAAAAMWQ/Wr7gYoa3goYO06-2maxUmkhnd-ZDsxXSACLcB/s640/Dirty%2BLittle%2BSecret%2B1.png" width="342" /></a></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-JcjtQE5VxtY/WFbXp1YkQTI/AAAAAAAAMWo/us24STWFxTUjYd5kN8AXB7x2KMiiRQ3iACLcB/s1600/DSC03387.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-JcjtQE5VxtY/WFbXp1YkQTI/AAAAAAAAMWo/us24STWFxTUjYd5kN8AXB7x2KMiiRQ3iACLcB/s640/DSC03387.JPG" width="480" /></a></div>
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Rezzonicshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04959625898477770956noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4093825090752327329.post-39167573052177301002016-11-20T22:37:00.001+01:002016-12-05T20:22:09.007+01:00Dirty Little Secret: Schematics, PCB layout Assembly and Test<h2 style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Schematics</h2>
In order to test both versions of the pedal, JFET and MOSFET, threee different PCBs are built:<br />
<ul>
<li>Base board including power supply, equalizer, conectors, potentiometers, switches and LED</li>
<li>Mezzanine board with JFET DLS effect</li>
<li>Mezzanine board with MOSFET DLS effect</li>
</ul>
Schematics first page is the base board that includes input stereo jack with ferrite filter, gain potentiometer, equalizer including capacitors, resistors and potentiometers, volumen potentiometer, output mono jack with ferrite filter, 3PDT switch for super lead / super bass option, +9 VDC input to +3.3 VDC regulator, effect on LED, connector to external 3PDT footswitch, 2 connectors to mezzanine board and the layout for an optional +1.65V mid-point voltage reference that is not used on this particular effect.<br />
<br />
This baseboard can be used as a generic base for other effects.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ookEiIc-OGg/WDHvfUEKVMI/AAAAAAAAMTQ/GPnqzfq5GJYi6TOeR1xxBKbjv0mkGImPwCLcB/s1600/DLS%2BMOS%2BFET%2Bsch%2B1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="450" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ookEiIc-OGg/WDHvfUEKVMI/AAAAAAAAMTQ/GPnqzfq5GJYi6TOeR1xxBKbjv0mkGImPwCLcB/s640/DLS%2BMOS%2BFET%2Bsch%2B1.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Baseboard Schematics</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Second page schematics contains MOSFET DLS effect<br />
Three MOSFET amplifier stages are used. MOSFET has a biasing resistor network that includes a potentiometer to adjust biasing voltage on the MOSFET gate.<br />
Gain is placed between the first and second stage.<br />
Equalizer is placed between the second and third stage.<br />
Third stage is just a buffer with no gain.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Go4e2-2KnaY/WDHvee42S0I/AAAAAAAAMTI/hc485xf4qyE0MUO8mI4jUtd7fhdrDc4xACLcB/s1600/DLS%2BMOS%2BFET%2Bsch%2B2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="450" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Go4e2-2KnaY/WDHvee42S0I/AAAAAAAAMTI/hc485xf4qyE0MUO8mI4jUtd7fhdrDc4xACLcB/s640/DLS%2BMOS%2BFET%2Bsch%2B2.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">MOSFET DLS effect schematics</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Third page schematics contains JFET DLS effect.<br />
Three dual JFET amplifier stages are used. Top JFET has a biasing resistor network that includes a potentiometer to adjust biasing voltage on the top JFET gate.<br />
Gain is placed between the first and second stage.<br />
Equalizer is placed between the second and third stage.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_gcFZED6Q_Q/WDHveuySdzI/AAAAAAAAMTM/aGw3n6eLYi8ixc9DVGuttKUtcIEQ_0WywCLcB/s1600/DLS%2BMOS%2BFET%2Bsch%2B3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="450" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_gcFZED6Q_Q/WDHveuySdzI/AAAAAAAAMTM/aGw3n6eLYi8ixc9DVGuttKUtcIEQ_0WywCLcB/s640/DLS%2BMOS%2BFET%2Bsch%2B3.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">JFET DLS effect schematics</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
The figure below shows top layer PCB layout . A panel has been made containing the three PCBs: baseboard, MOSFET mezzanine and JFET mezzanine. V-cut separation method is used.</div>
<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-k94yYdUywKc/WDHvdo8idqI/AAAAAAAAMTA/drKMATt9Q-4yjMDfR2MdqdId9BBOTztsQCLcB/s1600/DLS%2BMOS%2BFET%2Bbrd_top.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-k94yYdUywKc/WDHvdo8idqI/AAAAAAAAMTA/drKMATt9Q-4yjMDfR2MdqdId9BBOTztsQCLcB/s640/DLS%2BMOS%2BFET%2Bbrd_top.png" width="450" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Top layer PCB layout</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
The figure below shows bottom layer PCB layout. A panel has been made containing the three PCBs: baseboard, MOSFET mezzanine and JFET mezzanine. V-cut separation method is used.</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Pr7xqbdmYLM/WDHvd8ZsuiI/AAAAAAAAMTE/J4NUIwpf-HIwm0yTcDsq66EzDMeZfrZxQCLcB/s1600/DLS%2BMOS%2BFET%2Bbrd_bot.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Pr7xqbdmYLM/WDHvd8ZsuiI/AAAAAAAAMTE/J4NUIwpf-HIwm0yTcDsq66EzDMeZfrZxQCLcB/s640/DLS%2BMOS%2BFET%2Bbrd_bot.png" width="450" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">Bottom layer PCB layout</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2 style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
Test</h2>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both;">
Both effects (JFET and MOSFET) have been tested using a 300mVpp 440 Hz sinewave signal on input.</div>
<h3 style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
JFET effect</h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
The figure below shows the signal observed at the output of the first amplifier stage (Q1D1). A 1090mVpp sinewave is obtained which corresponds to a 11dB gain.</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-PQftm4powQk/WB49P4n7YqI/AAAAAAAAMRU/Iwjl-sWLGVIvGYLw5D2-0ZZoQ9fpOkj6ACLcB/s1600/q1d1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-PQftm4powQk/WB49P4n7YqI/AAAAAAAAMRU/Iwjl-sWLGVIvGYLw5D2-0ZZoQ9fpOkj6ACLcB/s640/q1d1.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12.8px; line-height: 17.92px;">440Hw sinewave 1090mVpp signal at the first amplifier stage output (gain=3.6, 11dB) (q1d1)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The figure below shows the signal observed at the output of the second amplifier stage (TONEIN2). A 2110mVpp distorted sinewave is obtained which corresponds to a 17dB gain.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YCV5D-CqAeQ/WB49RSsi8FI/AAAAAAAAMRc/jnXyEFUkdvctMGihD02o94Ni6u70mBK-gCLcB/s1600/tonein2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-YCV5D-CqAeQ/WB49RSsi8FI/AAAAAAAAMRc/jnXyEFUkdvctMGihD02o94Ni6u70mBK-gCLcB/s640/tonein2.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12.8px; line-height: 17.92px;">2110mVpp signal at the 2nd amplifier stage output (gain=7, 17dB) (tonein2)</span></span><br />
<span style="background-color: white;">
</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="font-size: 12.8px;">
<span small="" style="font-family: inherit;">The figure below shows the signal observed at the output of the equalizer and input to the 3rd amplifier stage (Q6G). A 850mVpp distorted sinewave is obtained which corresponds to a 9dB gain.</span></div>
<div style="font-size: 12.8px;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-NPU5ID-IRzw/WB49ROxSbxI/AAAAAAAAMRY/QB--UpR3QVk8NJvzJTfxvjaGmWig6izNgCLcB/s1600/q6g.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-NPU5ID-IRzw/WB49ROxSbxI/AAAAAAAAMRY/QB--UpR3QVk8NJvzJTfxvjaGmWig6izNgCLcB/s640/q6g.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="color: #222222; font-family: inherit; font-size: 12.8px; line-height: 17.92px;">850mVpp signal at the equalizer output (gain=2.8, 9dB) (q6g)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
The figure below shows the signal observed at the output of the 3rd amplifier stage output (FXOUT2). A 1730mVpp distorted sinewave is obtained which corresponds to a 15.2dB gain.</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-v7pAENVC1s0/WB49RrMNjkI/AAAAAAAAMRg/0wQxyOeI3-kj7tc4DsE8xBq31Nsq-63LACLcB/s1600/FXOUT2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-v7pAENVC1s0/WB49RrMNjkI/AAAAAAAAMRg/0wQxyOeI3-kj7tc4DsE8xBq31Nsq-63LACLcB/s640/FXOUT2.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">1730mVpp signal at the third stage amplifier output (gain=5.8, 15.2dB) (fxout2)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h3>
MOSFET effect</h3>
<div>
Three different biasing values have been used: low, mid, high.</div>
<div>
The figure below shows the signal observed at the output of the first amplifier stage (Q1D) with low bias. A 1730mVpp distorted sinewave is obtained which corresponds to a 15dB gain.</div>
<div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Mvsfrfj8z-U/WDH5DdQ6iOI/AAAAAAAAMTw/NknplakVjqo_T8cOfE91HbeyWHvzzISsQCLcB/s1600/q1d_vr1_low.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Mvsfrfj8z-U/WDH5DdQ6iOI/AAAAAAAAMTw/NknplakVjqo_T8cOfE91HbeyWHvzzISsQCLcB/s640/q1d_vr1_low.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">1730 mVpp signal at the first amplifier stage output with low bias (gain=5.8, 15dB) (q1d)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<div>
<div>
The figure below shows the signal observed at the output of the first amplifier stage (Q1D) with mid bias. A 3060mVpp distorted sinewave is obtained which corresponds to a 20dB gain.</div>
</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-n8ds8IHzsZI/WDH5DcOpaEI/AAAAAAAAMT0/k91VtV4OizIeu87hLTval1M4qBbmQGKowCLcB/s1600/q1d_vr1_mid.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-n8ds8IHzsZI/WDH5DcOpaEI/AAAAAAAAMT0/k91VtV4OizIeu87hLTval1M4qBbmQGKowCLcB/s640/q1d_vr1_mid.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">3060 mVpp signal at the first amplifier stage output with mid bias (gain=10.2, 20dB) (q1d)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
<div>
The figure below shows the signal observed at the output of the first amplifier stage (Q1D) with high bias. A 700mVpp distorted sinewave is obtained which corresponds to a 7.4dB gain.</div>
</div>
<div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-o43F1C59UUM/WDH5DcfCRkI/AAAAAAAAMTs/fLdC5Mful2EtTf-WGyOARDJgpcVKvpTSwCLcB/s1600/q1d_vr1_high.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-o43F1C59UUM/WDH5DcfCRkI/AAAAAAAAMTs/fLdC5Mful2EtTf-WGyOARDJgpcVKvpTSwCLcB/s640/q1d_vr1_high.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">700 mVpp signal at the first amplifier stage output with high bias (gain=2.3, 7.4dB) (q1d)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The figure below shows the signal observed at the output of the second amplifier stage (Q2D) with low bias. A 970mVpp distorted sinewave is obtained which corresponds to a 10.2dB gain.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-BYgbchPTDco/WDH5D1vHuAI/AAAAAAAAMUA/V3PIQHPqxK8v3xyb-yCpoZELMSKDt5MvQCLcB/s1600/q2d_vr12_low.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-BYgbchPTDco/WDH5D1vHuAI/AAAAAAAAMUA/V3PIQHPqxK8v3xyb-yCpoZELMSKDt5MvQCLcB/s640/q2d_vr12_low.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">970 mVpp signal at the second amplifier stage output with low bias (gain=3.23, 10.2dB) (q2d)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: small;">The figure below shows the signal observed at the output of the second amplifier stage (Q2D) with mid bias. A 3220mVpp distorted sinewave is obtained which corresponds to a 20.6dB gain.</span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-K27L2h1gHCQ/WDH5Dz5_arI/AAAAAAAAMT8/8s_1HJgF2RcpuY2WUGEFe_I-Xrzco6F9ACLcB/s1600/q2d_vr12_mid.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-K27L2h1gHCQ/WDH5Dz5_arI/AAAAAAAAMT8/8s_1HJgF2RcpuY2WUGEFe_I-Xrzco6F9ACLcB/s640/q2d_vr12_mid.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">3220 mVpp signal at the second amplifier stage output with mid bias (gain=10.7, 20.6dB) (q2d)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The figure below shows the signal observed at the output of the second amplifier stage (Q2D) with high bias. A 940mVpp distorted sinewave is obtained which corresponds to a 10dB gain.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="font-size: 12.8px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-hnFIH-6cYzo/WDH5D1_nTMI/AAAAAAAAMT4/pFUcjqrR8rUNCItraXHgrEKZ7w4d_xOpACLcB/s1600/q2d_vr12_high.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-hnFIH-6cYzo/WDH5D1_nTMI/AAAAAAAAMT4/pFUcjqrR8rUNCItraXHgrEKZ7w4d_xOpACLcB/s640/q2d_vr12_high.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 10.24px;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">940 mVpp signal at the second amplifier stage output with high bias (gain=3.1, 10dB) (q2d)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The figure below shows the signal observed at the final buffer output (FXOUT1) with low bias. A 630mVpp distorted sinewave is obtained which corresponds to a 6.4dB gain.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jlQGAOYA-RE/WDH5DINJIFI/AAAAAAAAMTk/yd4Z-s9YBDYQr145LNoSXW1DzFZZPQ4rACLcB/s1600/fxout1_vr12_low.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jlQGAOYA-RE/WDH5DINJIFI/AAAAAAAAMTk/yd4Z-s9YBDYQr145LNoSXW1DzFZZPQ4rACLcB/s640/fxout1_vr12_low.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">630 mVpp signal at the final buffer output with low bias (gain=2.1, 6.4dB) (fxout1)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The figure below shows the signal observed at the final buffer output (FXOUT1) with mid bias. A 2170mVpp distorted sinewave is obtained which corresponds to a 17.2dB gain.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="font-size: 12.8px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-DXvKWZxXdXo/WDH5DGtfmrI/AAAAAAAAMTo/F34jqO1YrLsO_PsS3po4MhZoREsMGzcIQCLcB/s1600/fxout1_vr12_mid.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-DXvKWZxXdXo/WDH5DGtfmrI/AAAAAAAAMTo/F34jqO1YrLsO_PsS3po4MhZoREsMGzcIQCLcB/s640/fxout1_vr12_mid.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">2170 mVpp signal at the final buffer output with mid bias (gain=7.2, 17.2dB) (fxout1)</td></tr>
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The figure below shows the signal observed at the final buffer output (FXOUT1) with high bias. A 330mVpp distorted sinewave is obtained which corresponds to a 0.83dB gain<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0SeivvhB4K0/WDbb-U4ZcnI/AAAAAAAAMU0/PLWIk7TcgAUodSTWSeRRwQ9uTnJMQA1ogCLcB/s1600/fxout1_vr12_high.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-0SeivvhB4K0/WDbb-U4ZcnI/AAAAAAAAMU0/PLWIk7TcgAUodSTWSeRRwQ9uTnJMQA1ogCLcB/s640/fxout1_vr12_high.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">330 mVpp signal at the final buffer output with high bias (gain=1.1, 0.8dB) (fxout1)</span></td></tr>
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<h2>
Assembly</h2>
<div>
DLS guitar pedal has been mounted on a 1550B enclosure</div>
<div>
The figure below shows a bottom view of the Hammond 1550B enclosure open without lid showing the DLS guitar pedal with audio jacks and DC jack, the 3PDT footswitch, the 9V battery<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wNh7QIf1lyQ/WEW8WtDclaI/AAAAAAAAMVM/aQIWuvBrFbg0aBCOC0iq_F6OieUD6prEACLcB/s1600/1550B_bot_view.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="404" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wNh7QIf1lyQ/WEW8WtDclaI/AAAAAAAAMVM/aQIWuvBrFbg0aBCOC0iq_F6OieUD6prEACLcB/s640/1550B_bot_view.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.8px;">The figure below shows a top view of the Hammond 1550B enclosure showing audio jacks, DC jack, potentiometers, LED, toggle switch and the 3PDT footswitch:</span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jxYcAjorXcc/WEW8gSdlDEI/AAAAAAAAMVQ/kh0efWTPPN86fN1TJw0FWd3gNDhFvfgFQCLcB/s1600/1550B_top_view.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="404" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-jxYcAjorXcc/WEW8gSdlDEI/AAAAAAAAMVQ/kh0efWTPPN86fN1TJw0FWd3gNDhFvfgFQCLcB/s640/1550B_top_view.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12.8px;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-g6PKD4h-MtU/WEW8n9TxwjI/AAAAAAAAMVU/krKoFfzMtrUFlNPGU4fEV7bYCHjI1nuGwCLcB/s1600/DLS_top.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="font-size: medium; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="404" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-g6PKD4h-MtU/WEW8n9TxwjI/AAAAAAAAMVU/krKoFfzMtrUFlNPGU4fEV7bYCHjI1nuGwCLcB/s640/DLS_top.jpg" width="640" /></a></span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PVA2maqbIxo/WEW80JRJG4I/AAAAAAAAMVY/Yazga5gx5hkNXawxI_5WGY6xwojUY3jzQCLcB/s1600/DLS_bot.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="404" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-PVA2maqbIxo/WEW80JRJG4I/AAAAAAAAMVY/Yazga5gx5hkNXawxI_5WGY6xwojUY3jzQCLcB/s640/DLS_bot.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
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<br />Rezzonicshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04959625898477770956noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4093825090752327329.post-78214653730721520932016-09-26T23:38:00.000+02:002016-09-26T23:38:05.924+02:00Dirty Little Secret MOSFET 3.3V version: LTSpice analysis<h2>
Why JFET and not MOSFET?</h2>
<div>
JFET is a rare bird these days, you just have to go to a distributor and check the number of references of each of them, for example at <a href="http://www.digikey.com/product-search/discrete-semiconductors/en" target="_blank">Digikey</a> there are less than 900 references of JFET devices and more than 40K of MOSFET devices. Transistor curves are quite similar, but it's much easier to find a proper MOSFET device that works well at 3.3V, N-JFET devices are biased with Vgs<0, while MOSFET devices are biased with Vgs>0. There are lots of MOSFET devices called "logic level gate" with low Vgs biasing values that are easy to bias from 3.3V power, while the offer of JFET devices that can work at 3.3V is quite limited, since <a href="http://rezzonics.blogspot.fr/2016/09/dirty-little-secret-3v3-clone-ltspice.html" target="_blank">as we saw in a previous post</a>, JFET devices with low pinch-off voltages, and close to 0 Vgs have to be chosen.</div>
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<div>
These are the typical curves Id vs Vds for different Vgs values of Fairchild <a href="http://www.digikey.com/product-detail/en/fairchild-semiconductor/FDV301N/FDV301NTR-ND/458851" target="_blank">FDV301VN</a>:</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-lLatg2ecuQ8/V-g7hh2xqSI/AAAAAAAAMPQ/lBCSdMuSgtk0BHIPbYRhowjWJQhPrASEgCLcB/s1600/moscurve.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-lLatg2ecuQ8/V-g7hh2xqSI/AAAAAAAAMPQ/lBCSdMuSgtk0BHIPbYRhowjWJQhPrASEgCLcB/s640/moscurve.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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The basic MOSFET amplifier only has one transistor compared to the 2 used on JFET circuit, because it is easier to bias the device:<br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kRog1i57WfI/V-hAlEKVZ2I/AAAAAAAAMP8/A9ioSuxe7zUDlEDU2MHrD1YUPDPWnKN7ACLcB/s1600/mosanalysissch.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-kRog1i57WfI/V-hAlEKVZ2I/AAAAAAAAMP8/A9ioSuxe7zUDlEDU2MHrD1YUPDPWnKN7ACLcB/s640/mosanalysissch.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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The small signal frequency response shows a maximum gain of 37.5dB at 1kHz and 37.4dB at 10Hz for bias potentiometer set at 0.3</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XF7Ar3gs0ug/V-hBA3uis3I/AAAAAAAAMQA/6hgdxZneTlUd4IvxttbF5qM96Di34HCGgCLcB/s1600/mosanalysis.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-XF7Ar3gs0ug/V-hBA3uis3I/AAAAAAAAMQA/6hgdxZneTlUd4IvxttbF5qM96Di34HCGgCLcB/s640/mosanalysis.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<h2>
Dirty Little Secret 3.3V MOSFET version</h2>
<div>
The figure below shows schematics of the DLS MOS 3.3V circuit using Fairchild FDV301N:</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-X2lKRXrVbDA/V-g74zXSNLI/AAAAAAAAMPU/YnC5cDYOTAg1oop65bvcXc93M4P2bG8ngCLcB/s1600/mosDLSgainsch.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="268" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-X2lKRXrVbDA/V-g74zXSNLI/AAAAAAAAMPU/YnC5cDYOTAg1oop65bvcXc93M4P2bG8ngCLcB/s640/mosDLSgainsch.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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The figure below shows the time response for a decaying 600mVpp 440kHz sinewave and gain from 0 to 1 in 0.1 steps:</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-B6BGz7-Fwy4/V-g8HjG5ShI/AAAAAAAAMPY/ZVVt8MGKJTIJ8aMq64GwZ5gDeToxDLqrACLcB/s1600/mosDLSgaintime.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-B6BGz7-Fwy4/V-g8HjG5ShI/AAAAAAAAMPY/ZVVt8MGKJTIJ8aMq64GwZ5gDeToxDLqrACLcB/s640/mosDLSgaintime.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div>
The figure below shows the frequency response with gain from 0 to 1 in 0.1 steps and tone controls set with bass=0.3, mid=0.6 and treble=0.6:</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-n7Tc6vjUb-M/V-g8PMqDV7I/AAAAAAAAMPc/fpFbfV97hrEm3VTF6zkjCfCp0G1X7diKgCLcB/s1600/mosDLSgainfreq.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-n7Tc6vjUb-M/V-g8PMqDV7I/AAAAAAAAMPc/fpFbfV97hrEm3VTF6zkjCfCp0G1X7diKgCLcB/s640/mosDLSgainfreq.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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The figure below shows the frequency response with gain=0.5, bass=0 to 1 (0.1 steps), mid=0.6 and treble=0.6:</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JcdR1OJBBIA/V-g9md2xcuI/AAAAAAAAMPk/_reAzO-abCcJaXuipQLERy2thadq9fTsACLcB/s1600/mosDLSbassfreq.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JcdR1OJBBIA/V-g9md2xcuI/AAAAAAAAMPk/_reAzO-abCcJaXuipQLERy2thadq9fTsACLcB/s640/mosDLSbassfreq.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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The figure below shows the frequency response with gain=0.5, bass=0.3, mid=0 to 1 (0.1 steps), and treble=0.6:</div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ahUj_bbwRCU/V-g9q-CpGUI/AAAAAAAAMPo/F_tlmjE47xMXWTXgE075idJjlt6SEN9KACLcB/s1600/mosDLSbassmid.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ahUj_bbwRCU/V-g9q-CpGUI/AAAAAAAAMPo/F_tlmjE47xMXWTXgE075idJjlt6SEN9KACLcB/s640/mosDLSbassmid.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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The figure below shows the frequency response with gain=0.5, bass=0.3, mid=0.6 and treble=0 to 1 (0.1 steps):</div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tFy_eLRmb9Y/V-g9txw47GI/AAAAAAAAMPs/s-jl063jXtQe-awyoUprNK2lawwSnFnJwCLcB/s1600/mosDLSbasstreble.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-tFy_eLRmb9Y/V-g9txw47GI/AAAAAAAAMPs/s-jl063jXtQe-awyoUprNK2lawwSnFnJwCLcB/s640/mosDLSbasstreble.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<h2>
Audio test samples</h2>
<a href="https://soundcloud.com/rezzonics/sets/dirty-little-secret-ltspice-simulations" target="_blank">Listen to the audio generated by the LTSpice simulations</a>:<br />
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<iframe frameborder="no" height="450" scrolling="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/playlists/262518958&auto_play=false&hide_related=false&show_comments=true&show_user=true&show_reposts=false&visual=true" width="100%"></iframe>
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Rezzonicshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04959625898477770956noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4093825090752327329.post-36825351858851074062016-09-25T17:26:00.001+02:002016-09-28T19:23:54.198+02:00Dirty Little Secret 3v3 clone: LTSpice analysisThe <a href="http://catalinbread.com/product/dirty-little-secret/" target="_blank">Catalinbread Dirty Little Secret</a> is an overdrive/distortion pedal that tries to emulate <a href="http://www.legendarytones.com/marshall-super-lead-tone-tips/" target="_blank">super-lead o super-bass Marshall amplifiers</a> using JFET transistors instead of tube valves.<br />
The tone filter section is identical to the one used on Marshall amplifiers.<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://proguitarshop.com/media/catalog/product/cache/1/thumbnail/9df78eab33525d08d6e5fb8d27136e95/d/i/dirty_little_secret_mkiii.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://proguitarshop.com/media/catalog/product/cache/1/thumbnail/9df78eab33525d08d6e5fb8d27136e95/d/i/dirty_little_secret_mkiii.jpg" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Catalinbread Dirty Little Secret overdrive/distortion pedal</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Starting with the Klon Centaur boost/overdrive pedal I am trying to show that guitar pedals circuitry can be powered at lower voltages than the standard 9V, using the appropriate components and circuits.<br />
When I started Spice simulations the task seemed quite challenging, it was quite difficult to make the JFETs work at 3.3V and even when they worked at 3.3V it was quite difficult to properly bias the JFET to avoid distortion.<br />
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<a href="http://i.stack.imgur.com/ILceR.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/ILceR.png" /></a></div>
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The secret to make a JFET work at low voltages is to find JFETs with low pinch-off voltages. The pinch-off voltage is defined by the dotted line on the left of the figure above, this line represents the boundary between the ohmic region and the active (or saturation) region. A JFET transistor should work in the active region. The problem is that the selection tools that offer distributors like Digikey or Mouser to choose a transistor don't provide the pinch-off voltages, they usually provide the Vgs cut-off (Vgs at which the JFET start conducting) and the drain current at Vgs=0. I finally find a JFET manufacturer specialist (<a href="http://interfet.com/Home/" target="_blank">InterFET</a>) that provides these pinch-off voltages.<br />
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The JFET amplifier selection guide offers audio and general purpose tables. In these tables we can find that the tow N-channel JFETs models that have lower pinch-off voltages (Vp) are the J201 and 2N4117 (or MMBFJ201 and MMBF4117 in their SMD version). 2N4117 has Vp min = -0.6V and Vp max = -1.8V . The J201 has Vp min = -0.30V and Vp max = -1.5V.<br />
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Apparently the MMBFJ201 should be more suitable for its lower pinch-off voltage, but as we will see later, the MMBF4117 has lower drain currents which are more suited for working at lower voltages and higher resistor values.<br />
<h2>
JFET characteristic curves</h2>
The first thing is to find Spice models for those JFET transistors, actually I found different models that showed different behaviors during simulations.<br />
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Then I traced the JFET characteristics, Id vs Vds (from 0 to 3.3V) at different Vgs values (-1.65 to 0V at steps of 0.1v) using the following circuit:<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mMLYTYWQXGQ/V-L3bSjLNDI/AAAAAAAAMLU/WlmFCoQg7X8Db34wo9Knb93vgea_xacHgCLcB/s1600/JFET%2Bcurve.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="494" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mMLYTYWQXGQ/V-L3bSjLNDI/AAAAAAAAMLU/WlmFCoQg7X8Db34wo9Knb93vgea_xacHgCLcB/s640/JFET%2Bcurve.png" width="640" /></a></div>
The following figure shows the Id vs Vds curve for mmbf4117:<br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-IeeiAcw5LcM/V-L6P8l5w5I/AAAAAAAAMLk/ZranEk7U5yAoiN-pT_eDIyHIApbPdZWFwCLcB/s1600/mmbf4117%2Bcurve.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="494" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-IeeiAcw5LcM/V-L6P8l5w5I/AAAAAAAAMLk/ZranEk7U5yAoiN-pT_eDIyHIApbPdZWFwCLcB/s640/mmbf4117%2Bcurve.png" width="640" /></a></div>
Maximum pinch-off voltage is 0.97V at Vgs=0V and Id= 70uA<br />
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The following figure shows the Id vs Vds curve for mmbfj201:<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-V-Lub9nd2AM/V-L72YFNTEI/AAAAAAAAMLw/kja2Y77RPVsrJZn2ZP7x7KMplOohJjFpwCLcB/s1600/mmbfj201%2Bcurve.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="494" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-V-Lub9nd2AM/V-L72YFNTEI/AAAAAAAAMLw/kja2Y77RPVsrJZn2ZP7x7KMplOohJjFpwCLcB/s640/mmbfj201%2Bcurve.png" width="640" /></a></div>
The pinch-off voltage is already as high as -2.3V at Vgs=-1.65V, For Vgs=-075V the pinch-off voltage is 3.3V. As we can see, this device is not suitable to be used at 3.3V, the drain currents are quite high for very negative Vgs voltages (9mA at Vgs=-1.65V) so it cannot be properly biased, and the pinch-off voltages are very high making impossible to work in the active region with them.<br />
These curves from a Fairchild Semiconductor J201 Spice model do not correspond with the values announced in the InterFET page but they actually correspond with the curves found on the datasheet, so I think that the InterFET J201 model it's quite different form the Fairchild Semiconductor J201 device that it's currently found through distributors.<br />
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I actually found a J201 Spice model that had very good characteristics corresponding to those announced by InterFET:<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QMRt28bY-AA/V-L-gL3LcFI/AAAAAAAAMMA/lvhQzsY6A9g4ZW82yOR0V9cWRNSoB0-FACLcB/s1600/j201%2Bcurve.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="494" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-QMRt28bY-AA/V-L-gL3LcFI/AAAAAAAAMMA/lvhQzsY6A9g4ZW82yOR0V9cWRNSoB0-FACLcB/s640/j201%2Bcurve.png" width="640" /></a></div>
with a maximum pinch-off voltage of -0.54V at Vgs=0, and Id=600uA.<br />
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But as the device that is readily available is the Fairchild one, MMBFJ201 device had to be discarded.<br />
<h2>
JFET biasing</h2>
In order to better understand why low pinch-off voltage is important at low power voltages, let's analyse a simple circuit that shows JFET biasing and voltage margin.<br />
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In order to have maximum voltage margin, the JFET has to be biased in a way that Vds is set at half the power supply voltage, so if power supply voltage is 3.3V, Vds has to be set at 1,65V. In the following circuit and for a given drain resistance Rd, we must find the biasing value of Vgs at which Vds = 1.65V. At Id=0, Vds=3.3V for any value of Rd, but we must find an Rd value that at low values of Vds still keeps in the active region to avoid saturation, hence the lower the pinch-off voltage, the easier to find a low enough Rd that cuts the JFET curves at low voltages in the active region. The slope of the straight line is inversely proportional to Rd, we could always find a value of Rd that is high enough to keep in the active region, but if Rd is too high, currents are too low, our circuit becomes too sensitive to noise and it cannot accept any load.<br />
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_E-H0mJcL4E/V-a3A5cBehI/AAAAAAAAMMU/qp2QHBl1gfwnHW9Vtn8vzj9iZavblioeACLcB/s1600/jfet%2Bbias%2Bsch.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-_E-H0mJcL4E/V-a3A5cBehI/AAAAAAAAMMU/qp2QHBl1gfwnHW9Vtn8vzj9iZavblioeACLcB/s640/jfet%2Bbias%2Bsch.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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The red curve below shows the drain current Id for different values of Vgs from 0V to -1V in steps of 100mV. The green lines represent the current through Rd vs Vds, the higher Rd value the lower the slope. To find the proper biasing point, we find a point where a green line crosses a red line at approximately 1.65V, but where the green line crosses a red line in the ohmic region at quite low Vds voltage. For Rd=250k we find a biasing point at Vds=1.65 and Id=6.6uA, for Vgs= -700mV</div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zwcarxnDH1w/V-a5ceMyLlI/AAAAAAAAMMk/wt9cVZINfyk_9JqScuh9LFVnm9oTul9NgCLcB/s1600/jfet%2Bbias.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-zwcarxnDH1w/V-a5ceMyLlI/AAAAAAAAMMk/wt9cVZINfyk_9JqScuh9LFVnm9oTul9NgCLcB/s640/jfet%2Bbias.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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</div>
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Let's do a time response with a 300mV sine 1kHz input and biasing DC at -0.7V, Rd=250K and output resistance at 1Mohm.</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rhok4NV1-xE/V-bDPwXJo4I/AAAAAAAAMNE/cRwYST41TaMCSoAWGkxd_q5nYASM8FnSgCLcB/s1600/jfet%2Bbias%2Bsch.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-rhok4NV1-xE/V-bDPwXJo4I/AAAAAAAAMNE/cRwYST41TaMCSoAWGkxd_q5nYASM8FnSgCLcB/s640/jfet%2Bbias%2Bsch.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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The output voltage has been amplified to 2.78Vpp</div>
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-od0xjI32bq0/V-bDQNV4GLI/AAAAAAAAMNI/tELOv4t90bAaVaJaUJMDilXE_NZ3PtdlwCLcB/s1600/jfet%2Bbias.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-od0xjI32bq0/V-bDQNV4GLI/AAAAAAAAMNI/tELOv4t90bAaVaJaUJMDilXE_NZ3PtdlwCLcB/s640/jfet%2Bbias.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<br />
Another important characteristic is that the biasing Vgs voltage is as close as 0V as possible, N-channel JFETs are biased at negative voltages, if Vgs is very negative it will be difficult or even impossible to bias it. The way to bias Vgs to a negative voltage is adding a source to ground resistor (Rs) that will keep Vs higher than Vg. But this resistance Rs will add to Vds affecting the output voltage, unless that it is coupled with a capacitor in parallel so that Rs is only seen at DC biasing but small signal sees a short to GND through the capacitor.<br />
<br />
A Rs=120k will bias Vgs to 700mV when Id=6uA.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ROLU27G9MDc/V-bB1y3Cv2I/AAAAAAAAMM4/OnzCMCtzSlwCZLKKW3mbkpZUpe-qcDksgCLcB/s1600/jfet%2Bbias%2Bsch.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-ROLU27G9MDc/V-bB1y3Cv2I/AAAAAAAAMM4/OnzCMCtzSlwCZLKKW3mbkpZUpe-qcDksgCLcB/s640/jfet%2Bbias%2Bsch.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<div style="text-align: start;">
<span style="text-align: justify;">We obtain a similar time response with a 300mV sine 1kHz input but no input bias, with Rd=250K, output resistance of 1Mohm and Rs=120k in parallel with 1uF.</span></div>
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-j_qnDus6Sw8/V-bB1p7rduI/AAAAAAAAMM0/AnaQQ42KSfkcQyDr2c16KbTrVcIgKKxIACLcB/s1600/jfet%2Bbias.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-j_qnDus6Sw8/V-bB1p7rduI/AAAAAAAAMM0/AnaQQ42KSfkcQyDr2c16KbTrVcIgKKxIACLcB/s640/jfet%2Bbias.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<h2>
Two JFET amplifier biasing</h2>
Let's analyse the biasing of the two JFET amplifier circuit that will be the basis of DLS pedal.<br />
The same biasing current will circulate through both JFETs, which means that Vgs bias will have to be identical for both, then the voltage on the gate of the top JFET will have to be Vin+Vout, where Vin is the biasing voltage of the bottom JFET.<br />
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<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-x7qVVUx4X0g/V-b6UJxIakI/AAAAAAAAMNc/7Tla2AXIzCUUBOOcvMUp3ZuaVKCSWBLZQCLcB/s1600/jfet%2Bbias%2Bsch.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-x7qVVUx4X0g/V-b6UJxIakI/AAAAAAAAMNc/7Tla2AXIzCUUBOOcvMUp3ZuaVKCSWBLZQCLcB/s640/jfet%2Bbias%2Bsch.png" width="640" /></a></div>
The obtained curve is shown below. The biasing point will be selected from a point where blue and cyan curves cross and the current of both JFETs is identical as close as possible to Vds=1.65V (power supply mid-point) The selected blue curve will give us the Vgs biasing point (160mV)<br />
Vds=1.65V, Id = 94uA and Vgs=158mV.<br />
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<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Y0J1hikt47w/V-b6UCGtvQI/AAAAAAAAMNY/hC2jfyoKWA8UAnK8UMvJ-S255ZG660WXQCLcB/s1600/jfet%2Bbias.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-Y0J1hikt47w/V-b6UCGtvQI/AAAAAAAAMNY/hC2jfyoKWA8UAnK8UMvJ-S255ZG660WXQCLcB/s640/jfet%2Bbias.png" width="640" /></a></div>
The small signal frequency response shows a maximum gain of 34.5dB at 1kHz and 32.7dB at 10Hz for bias potentiometer set at 0.4.<br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-J8zhKmwDEaQ/V-fZUDqBqcI/AAAAAAAAMNs/e-tKqmAhQ1AAAoraRk87mRoalNVKnPX2QCLcB/s1600/jfet%2Banalysis.freq.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-J8zhKmwDEaQ/V-fZUDqBqcI/AAAAAAAAMNs/e-tKqmAhQ1AAAoraRk87mRoalNVKnPX2QCLcB/s640/jfet%2Banalysis.freq.png" width="640" /></a></div>
The time response of a decaying 1kHz sinewave 600mVpp shows a maximum output voltage of 2.26Vpp (gain of 3.8 = 11.5dB)<br />
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-CMkQ1PPbkRQ/V-fZUTXV_nI/AAAAAAAAMNw/6VYTx9uKdos7s_gm20n1F1q0I_nzAOyBwCLcB/s1600/jfet%2Banalysis.time.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-CMkQ1PPbkRQ/V-fZUTXV_nI/AAAAAAAAMNw/6VYTx9uKdos7s_gm20n1F1q0I_nzAOyBwCLcB/s640/jfet%2Banalysis.time.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<h2>
Dirty Little Secret 3V3</h2>
<div>
The figure below shows schematics of the DLS 3.3V circuit using MMBF4117 JFET:<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-hvSoviu3BRA/V-v8mcKaPII/AAAAAAAAMQU/8WQm15PKxYkBURiTpAritJCFIaYBRKJAACLcB/s1600/DLS3v3sch.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="228" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-hvSoviu3BRA/V-v8mcKaPII/AAAAAAAAMQU/8WQm15PKxYkBURiTpAritJCFIaYBRKJAACLcB/s640/DLS3v3sch.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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The figure below shows the time response for a decaying 600mVpp 440kHz sinewave and gain from 0 to 1 in 0.1 steps:</div>
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<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ufS8fS9vlSs/V-fhTy_5v7I/AAAAAAAAMOQ/QzXLu_cD2dgzZoZpRBaYgFV__AHMug_4gCLcB/s1600/DLSgaintime.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-ufS8fS9vlSs/V-fhTy_5v7I/AAAAAAAAMOQ/QzXLu_cD2dgzZoZpRBaYgFV__AHMug_4gCLcB/s640/DLSgaintime.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div class="" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
The figure below shows the frequency response with gain from 0 to 1 in 0.1 steps and tone controls set with bass=0.3, mid=0.6 and treble=0.6: </div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-r7x7QiIQhYk/V-fhSgE7WoI/AAAAAAAAMOI/X1dw--d5_Po9HRTlzoQAyBNbULhEIxt0wCLcB/s1600/DLSgainfreq.png" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-r7x7QiIQhYk/V-fhSgE7WoI/AAAAAAAAMOI/X1dw--d5_Po9HRTlzoQAyBNbULhEIxt0wCLcB/s640/DLSgainfreq.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="text-align: justify;">The figure below shows the frequency response with gain=0.5, bass=0 to 1 (0.1 steps), mid=0.6 and treble=0.6: </span></div>
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<div style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: justify;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/--y4cjH09YUQ/V-fhSYGO-bI/AAAAAAAAMOA/IhWiPn0z-fASVkV0TMQH0FaykniJyDLEACLcB/s1600/DLSbassfreq.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><br /></a></div>
<span style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/--y4cjH09YUQ/V-fhSYGO-bI/AAAAAAAAMOA/IhWiPn0z-fASVkV0TMQH0FaykniJyDLEACLcB/s1600/DLSbassfreq.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/--y4cjH09YUQ/V-fhSYGO-bI/AAAAAAAAMOA/IhWiPn0z-fASVkV0TMQH0FaykniJyDLEACLcB/s640/DLSbassfreq.png" width="640" /></a></span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<span style="text-align: justify;">The figure below shows the frequency response with gain=0.5, bass=0.3, mid=</span><span style="text-align: justify;">0 to 1 (0.1 steps),</span><span style="text-align: justify;"> </span><span style="text-align: justify;"> and treble=0.6:</span></div>
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-miTzElYYC0Q/V-fhTcpk5MI/AAAAAAAAMOM/BbhYrb61AxUmJyMlgrfo1daszGG0eQKNQCLcB/s1600/DLSmidfreq.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-miTzElYYC0Q/V-fhTcpk5MI/AAAAAAAAMOM/BbhYrb61AxUmJyMlgrfo1daszGG0eQKNQCLcB/s640/DLSmidfreq.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<span style="text-align: justify;">The figure below shows the frequency response with gain=0.5, bass=0.3, mid=</span><span style="text-align: justify;">0.6 </span><span style="text-align: justify;">and treble=</span><span style="text-align: justify;">0 to 1 (0.1 steps)</span><span style="text-align: justify;">:</span></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-G5jnHb7aAmo/V-fhUlATqNI/AAAAAAAAMOY/A7bsodOl09gxJf7oB8oss8II7-10Ic82wCLcB/s1600/DLStreblefreq.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-G5jnHb7aAmo/V-fhUlATqNI/AAAAAAAAMOY/A7bsodOl09gxJf7oB8oss8II7-10Ic82wCLcB/s640/DLStreblefreq.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
In order to be able to compare below are the frequency response with gain from 0 to 1 <span style="text-align: justify;">in 0.1 steps and tone controls set with bass=0.3, mid=0.6 and treble=0.6 for the original DLS circuit powered at 9V using MPF4393 JFET transitor. Almost no difference using a 2N5457 model:</span><br />
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<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oXfUnuo8wFM/V-fkclFpYMI/AAAAAAAAMOo/3zcEDm8XBPQqJs77KZdfKoazGECqwXHTQCLcB/s1600/DLSoriggainfreq.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-oXfUnuo8wFM/V-fkclFpYMI/AAAAAAAAMOo/3zcEDm8XBPQqJs77KZdfKoazGECqwXHTQCLcB/s640/DLSoriggainfreq.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="text-align: justify;"><br /></span>
And <span style="text-align: justify;">the time response for a decaying 600mVpp 440kHz sinewave and gain from 0 to 1 in 0.1 steps:</span><br />
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</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-WYST1xpmgWM/V-fsEvkCgaI/AAAAAAAAMPA/3ki8w5gtUjMZtWYJZrPkXTwfebGCiFoEQCLcB/s1600/DLSoriggaintime.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-WYST1xpmgWM/V-fsEvkCgaI/AAAAAAAAMPA/3ki8w5gtUjMZtWYJZrPkXTwfebGCiFoEQCLcB/s640/DLSoriggaintime.png" width="640" /></a></div>
<span style="text-align: justify;"><br /></span>
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<br />Rezzonicshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04959625898477770956noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4093825090752327329.post-23719359714829080082016-09-18T19:53:00.000+02:002016-09-18T19:53:01.478+02:00Klon 3v3 clone: assembly and test<h2 style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
PCB Assembly</h2>
<div>
Circuit has been assembled on a 54 x 54 mm 2-layer PCB that fits into a 1590B enclosure.</div>
<div>
Most components except 1N34A germanium diodes are SMD, with mainly 0402 passives. Phone jack connectors, DC jack connector, 9mm potentiometers and 5mm T1-3/4 LED are through-hole PCB mounted in order to minimize cabling. A 6-wire flat cable connects main to PCB 3-SPDT footswitch mounted on another small PCB. 9V battery clip is connected by 2 wires on +/- pads near the DC jack</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-du53BX2TVAA/V96zBVt7I-I/AAAAAAAAMJc/UD1GT8oD4Tw01YP4qQ53QNkSSNYdSaqZACLcB/s1600/DSC03243.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-du53BX2TVAA/V96zBVt7I-I/AAAAAAAAMJc/UD1GT8oD4Tw01YP4qQ53QNkSSNYdSaqZACLcB/s640/DSC03243.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Clean PCB before assembly</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Main ICs (opamps, DC-DC converter, voltage reference) are assembled first using solder paste and a hot air soldering station<br /><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_znCBEBEIdA/V96zbBB0dnI/AAAAAAAAMJk/okO6V9LsMnsbq7Bta3UagGnMt4z_bh9VQCLcB/s1600/DSC03253.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_znCBEBEIdA/V96zbBB0dnI/AAAAAAAAMJk/okO6V9LsMnsbq7Bta3UagGnMt4z_bh9VQCLcB/s640/DSC03253.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Main ICs already assembled</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Passive and discrete components (ferrites, EMI filter, diodes, inductors, capacitors, resistors), mostly 0402, are then assembled using solder paste and hot air station.<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-4TKKK9eBagc/V962lPCr8gI/AAAAAAAAMJ8/SAuSNQdpNYU_8EZkxKaZQ5yFnLC19DkXgCLcB/s1600/DSC03256.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-4TKKK9eBagc/V962lPCr8gI/AAAAAAAAMJ8/SAuSNQdpNYU_8EZkxKaZQ5yFnLC19DkXgCLcB/s640/DSC03256.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">PCB view with all SMD components assembled</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;">
Through-hole components on bottom side (actually this side faces up): 9mm potentiometers and 5mm LED are then soldered using an iron and soldering wire:</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8B8dpWZWmio/V9HWjEw5EqI/AAAAAAAAMD0/8Kcj6KhN5M8yAGX-dVaeCuUbCON0TO41ACLcB/s1600/DSC03258.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="font-size: 12.8px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-8B8dpWZWmio/V9HWjEw5EqI/AAAAAAAAMD0/8Kcj6KhN5M8yAGX-dVaeCuUbCON0TO41ACLcB/s640/DSC03258.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><div style="font-size: 12.8px;">
Klon 3v3 clone PCB bottom layer assembled</div>
<div style="text-align: start;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Through-hole components on top side: </span><span style="font-size: small;">germanium diodes, phone jack connectors, DC jack connector </span><span style="font-size: small;">are soldered using soldering wire and iron</span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="font-size: 12.8px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-GmwHEEtxJlc/V9HWfyXJMfI/AAAAAAAAMDw/f7OiANfATb8x-YzgGPnKCwmJ2RXA2Hl2gCLcB/s1600/DSC03259.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-GmwHEEtxJlc/V9HWfyXJMfI/AAAAAAAAMDw/f7OiANfATb8x-YzgGPnKCwmJ2RXA2Hl2gCLcB/s640/DSC03259.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Klon 3v3 clone PCB top layer assembled</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: small; text-align: left;"><div style="text-align: justify;">
Once the circuit was fully assembled it seemed to fit well on the 1590B enclosure, but actually screwposts didn't allow the PCB border to touch the top enclosure sidewall so that DC jack would be receded probably avoiding proper DC plugging.</div>
</span><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ipwT0wwEcuI/V966BN5kdUI/AAAAAAAAMKI/7058M3ZnDd8F1vIeXK7aKiVKB5jHS-kdQCLcB/s1600/DSC03262.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-ipwT0wwEcuI/V966BN5kdUI/AAAAAAAAMKI/7058M3ZnDd8F1vIeXK7aKiVKB5jHS-kdQCLcB/s640/DSC03262.JPG" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Components fitting on 1590B enclosure</span><br /><div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small; text-align: left;">The PCB was finally mounted with connectors on one enclosure side. Next time PCB corners will have to be chamfered and connectors placed closer to the center in order to mount it with connectors on top side of the enclosure.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-E0dm0HBe4Hs/V97EOS4zHuI/AAAAAAAAMKc/Ai6O-s2T1PY16gBCc83Lay8gxA8kKbtDwCLcB/s1600/DSC03366.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-E0dm0HBe4Hs/V97EOS4zHuI/AAAAAAAAMKc/Ai6O-s2T1PY16gBCc83Lay8gxA8kKbtDwCLcB/s640/DSC03366.JPG" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Klone 3v3 clone fully assembled</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2>
<span style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-size: large;">Enclosure design and build</span></span></h2>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small; text-align: left;">For the enclosure design I decided to use the etching technique. It was my second attempt and the results were not quite satisfactory.</span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: small; text-align: left;">Enclosure design was made using </span><span style="font-size: small; text-align: left;">InkScape.</span><span style="font-size: small; text-align: left;"> A Star Wars trooper color image was converted to black and white, then inverted and mirrored, printed on a PNP blue paper with a laser printer and ironed on a previously sanded and polished enclosure. </span></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="font-size: 12.8px; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<br />
<a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WgHfdcW4nkg/V9HZtQGc5NI/AAAAAAAAMEA/0H1scXSEml0ZajztxaOOxtQ8hp3XSO71wCLcB/s1600/Klon.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-WgHfdcW4nkg/V9HZtQGc5NI/AAAAAAAAMEA/0H1scXSEml0ZajztxaOOxtQ8hp3XSO71wCLcB/s640/Klon.png" width="350" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Enclosure design made using Inkscape</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="font-size: 12.8px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">PNP transfer was a complete disaster so I finally used satin paper. Defaults were corrected with a permanent marker and etched</span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-j-0oGE5nQaQ/V97Kjpky-MI/AAAAAAAAMKw/BK7Cc5eKKhYuNJXv_4m1XrLSprIwakQtwCLcB/s1600/DSC03305.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-j-0oGE5nQaQ/V97Kjpky-MI/AAAAAAAAMKw/BK7Cc5eKKhYuNJXv_4m1XrLSprIwakQtwCLcB/s640/DSC03305.JPG" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Enclosure view after PNP blue transfer (FAIL!!)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Etching was made using a mix of hydrogen peroxide and hydrochloric acid which I think it is actually too strong, I finally over-etched the design corroding more areas than I should. Permanent marker did not protected well the aluminium from acid attack. The final result was quite modest.</span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-YXymeO8kohE/V97NSOUH3MI/AAAAAAAAMK8/fVEb3eatehIzHXl7t3k-OyrlaAPmAvJ1gCLcB/s1600/DSC03372.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-YXymeO8kohE/V97NSOUH3MI/AAAAAAAAMK8/fVEb3eatehIzHXl7t3k-OyrlaAPmAvJ1gCLcB/s640/DSC03372.JPG" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">Klon 3v3 clone pedal finished</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<span style="font-size: small; text-align: justify;"><div style="text-align: left;">
Plug it in and test!</div>
</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mxPC7P4ShgQ/V97N9vc8sII/AAAAAAAAMLA/YvR8lpFwzrEJw6ccsOwlsLK45uR6CPUsQCLcB/s1600/DSC03375.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-mxPC7P4ShgQ/V97N9vc8sII/AAAAAAAAMLA/YvR8lpFwzrEJw6ccsOwlsLK45uR6CPUsQCLcB/s640/DSC03375.JPG" width="480" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Klon3v3 clone switched-on and ready for test</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2 style="text-align: justify;">
Electrical Test</h2>
<div>
For electrical test, a Velleman PCSGU250 oscilloscope and signal generator was used. Three different signals were used: a 300mVpp 440Hz sinewave, a 300mVpp 4kHz sinewave, and a 300mVpp 1kHz guitar string note sampled. Signal is injected in the guitar pedal input and signals are probed with oscilloscope in different parts of the circuit with different gain and treble settings (0-5-10): </div>
<div>
<ul>
<li>first buffer opamp output (out1a), </li>
<li>second gain opamp output (out1b), </li>
<li>clipping diodes output (clip), </li>
<li>third opamp output (out2a) and </li>
<li>fourth tone opamp output (out2b)</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div>
At 440Hz with gain set at maximum, the total gain of the circuit is >23, 17 and 10dB with treble set at 10, 5 and 0 respectively. Saturation happens with gain and treble set to 10 with an output signal that has 3.25Vpp.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<div>
At 4kHz with gain set at 10, the total gain of the circuit is 14, 1.8 and -7.7dB with treble set at 10, 5 and 0 respectively. At 4.4kHz and an input of 300mV, the maximum output level is 1.5Vpp.</div>
</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
With a 300mVpp 1kHz guitar string note signal the maximum level obtained is 2.6Vpp (15dB gain)</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-AWDa83l-sH4/V96l7lGr7cI/AAAAAAAAMG0/2lYtQFQqHD0vU3HLCMhKMNHy29q88_p_wCLcB/s1600/Sine440_in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-AWDa83l-sH4/V96l7lGr7cI/AAAAAAAAMG0/2lYtQFQqHD0vU3HLCMhKMNHy29q88_p_wCLcB/s640/Sine440_in.png" width="640" /></a></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">440Hz sinewave 300mVpp input</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-E7UVYLIyVLc/V96mSytZd-I/AAAAAAAAMG4/fGK9Xx8cBVwIGfRD2zm9w2g1LlOzoz2VACLcB/s1600/Sine440_out1b_10.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-E7UVYLIyVLc/V96mSytZd-I/AAAAAAAAMG4/fGK9Xx8cBVwIGfRD2zm9w2g1LlOzoz2VACLcB/s640/Sine440_out1b_10.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">440Hw sinewave 1620mVpp gain amplifier output (gain=10, 15dB) (out1b)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-aK68zJcskXc/V96mkXLOzFI/AAAAAAAAMG8/7wue17prBrIovH5dxpJ1LVzvie1BMa0cACLcB/s1600/Sine440_out1b_5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-aK68zJcskXc/V96mkXLOzFI/AAAAAAAAMG8/7wue17prBrIovH5dxpJ1LVzvie1BMa0cACLcB/s640/Sine440_out1b_5.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">440Hw sinewave 181mVpp gain amplifier output (gain=5, -4.2dB) (out1b)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-IGyQ_55Ddyw/V96m5-zW_kI/AAAAAAAAMHA/jAvCw2-YtqoHqx_kn6_yKDSubd0WBl7qQCLcB/s1600/Sine440_out1b_0.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-IGyQ_55Ddyw/V96m5-zW_kI/AAAAAAAAMHA/jAvCw2-YtqoHqx_kn6_yKDSubd0WBl7qQCLcB/s640/Sine440_out1b_0.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">440Hw sinewave 22mVpp gain amplifier output (gain=0, -23dB) (out1b)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-YUJ65RiA4TA/V96nN7H0JNI/AAAAAAAAMHE/ICV8s1hET0YeZr3Cir1wXC9WOJAF7yqDQCLcB/s1600/Sine440_clip_10.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-YUJ65RiA4TA/V96nN7H0JNI/AAAAAAAAMHE/ICV8s1hET0YeZr3Cir1wXC9WOJAF7yqDQCLcB/s640/Sine440_clip_10.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">440Hz sinewave 340mVpp clipped signal (gain=10, 1.2dB) (clip)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-6Elpn7y9Gt8/V96nfJjS1YI/AAAAAAAAMHI/RsQDWgItBmYtRGM3V1ocyJOUNPY3ViZ2gCLcB/s1600/Sine440_clip_0_5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-6Elpn7y9Gt8/V96nfJjS1YI/AAAAAAAAMHI/RsQDWgItBmYtRGM3V1ocyJOUNPY3ViZ2gCLcB/s640/Sine440_clip_0_5.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">440Hz sinewave 260mVpp clipped signal (gain=0-5, -1.1dB) (clip)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-y5KtYgEGZnM/V96n2gEDejI/AAAAAAAAMHQ/vzNnCM8wu6UFSURjQ1xQSuiaj8NRWpYgwCLcB/s1600/Sine440_out2a_10.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-y5KtYgEGZnM/V96n2gEDejI/AAAAAAAAMHQ/vzNnCM8wu6UFSURjQ1xQSuiaj8NRWpYgwCLcB/s640/Sine440_out2a_10.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">440Hz sinewave 1490mVpp second opamp output (gain = 10, 14dB) (out2a)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-bp7lhl3wAKQ/V96oWrkmN_I/AAAAAAAAMHU/rhXLJPjOR8A9NuVuuK8zMecbUqwuceW7gCLcB/s1600/Sine440_out2a_5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-bp7lhl3wAKQ/V96oWrkmN_I/AAAAAAAAMHU/rhXLJPjOR8A9NuVuuK8zMecbUqwuceW7gCLcB/s640/Sine440_out2a_5.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">440Hz sinewave 820mVpp second opamp output (gain = 5, 9dB) (out2a)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-WO6DcVyNFU0/V96osg1S89I/AAAAAAAAMHY/Kl79VMT1dCEcyRugkwA8GT-3HuMezNuFgCLcB/s1600/Sine440_out2a_0.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-WO6DcVyNFU0/V96osg1S89I/AAAAAAAAMHY/Kl79VMT1dCEcyRugkwA8GT-3HuMezNuFgCLcB/s640/Sine440_out2a_0.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">440Hz sinewave 540mVpp second opamp output (gain = 0, 5.2dB) (out2a)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jpqDCwJYLiM/V96pK61LDcI/AAAAAAAAMHc/bc6H0ZDWxNkZwg7tAEaDhU54A_qHknYeQCLcB/s1600/Sine440_out3a_trbl10.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jpqDCwJYLiM/V96pK61LDcI/AAAAAAAAMHc/bc6H0ZDWxNkZwg7tAEaDhU54A_qHknYeQCLcB/s640/Sine440_out3a_trbl10.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">440Hz sinewave 3250Vpp tone opamp (treble=10, gain=10, 22.6dB) (out2b)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-NygRq8mTzJQ/V96pdPnNdFI/AAAAAAAAMHg/PUghDGtnyyc4mBAiTMHOqXRzFwyGU9vWQCLcB/s1600/Sine440_out3a_trbl5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-NygRq8mTzJQ/V96pdPnNdFI/AAAAAAAAMHg/PUghDGtnyyc4mBAiTMHOqXRzFwyGU9vWQCLcB/s640/Sine440_out3a_trbl5.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">440Hz sinewave 2130mVpp tone amp output (treble=5, gain=10, 17dB) (out2b)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jACK1CD-vqA/V96pu8FOr3I/AAAAAAAAMHk/ivJGyJhB-1k_KHegsL9hQsknsiifoKeEACLcB/s1600/Sine440_out3a_trbl0.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-jACK1CD-vqA/V96pu8FOr3I/AAAAAAAAMHk/ivJGyJhB-1k_KHegsL9hQsknsiifoKeEACLcB/s640/Sine440_out3a_trbl0.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">440Hz sinewave 970mVpp tone amp output (treble=0, gain=10, 10dB) (out2b)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dPAtxPBmcs4/V96qPlCrt3I/AAAAAAAAMHs/nSfiexBUWcsJWEY2veQIsdWQC_5iMj-YQCLcB/s1600/Sine4400_out1b_10.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-dPAtxPBmcs4/V96qPlCrt3I/AAAAAAAAMHs/nSfiexBUWcsJWEY2veQIsdWQC_5iMj-YQCLcB/s640/Sine4400_out1b_10.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">4.4kHz sinewave 2010mVpp gain amplifier output (gain=10, 16.6dB) (out1b)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HU7v0QmNjUM/V96qdWdYr1I/AAAAAAAAMHw/Xn_NKaNqly4uue1XmmGaV2F2l_b7q3QqQCLcB/s1600/Sine4400_out1b_5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HU7v0QmNjUM/V96qdWdYr1I/AAAAAAAAMHw/Xn_NKaNqly4uue1XmmGaV2F2l_b7q3QqQCLcB/s640/Sine4400_out1b_5.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">4.4kHz sinewave 290mVpp gain amplifier output (gain=5, -0.23dB) (out1b)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1feVwxSkiSE/V96qvS4LOxI/AAAAAAAAMH0/0eYuOVAaFegvtIRHoPyXfYHJxQVkKivmgCLcB/s1600/Sine4400_out1b_0.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-1feVwxSkiSE/V96qvS4LOxI/AAAAAAAAMH0/0eYuOVAaFegvtIRHoPyXfYHJxQVkKivmgCLcB/s640/Sine4400_out1b_0.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">4.4kHz sinewave 190mVpp gain amplifier output (gain=0, -3.73dB) (out1b)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AHDFPb8Wtdo/V96q5a8Ku8I/AAAAAAAAMH4/WyK8h0oQ_nUVSdioWC6jB8F7djVtGtKiwCLcB/s1600/Sine4400_clip_10.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-AHDFPb8Wtdo/V96q5a8Ku8I/AAAAAAAAMH4/WyK8h0oQ_nUVSdioWC6jB8F7djVtGtKiwCLcB/s640/Sine4400_clip_10.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">4.4kHz sinewave 760mVpp clipped signal (gain=10, 8.4dB) (clip)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7_he-puLmaw/V96rKn3klYI/AAAAAAAAMIA/qxsEP_aeMeE-713wccvgkl4zw8oirenPwCLcB/s1600/Sine4400_clip_5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7_he-puLmaw/V96rKn3klYI/AAAAAAAAMIA/qxsEP_aeMeE-713wccvgkl4zw8oirenPwCLcB/s640/Sine4400_clip_5.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">4.4kHz sinewave 280mVpp clipped signal (gain=5, -0.43dB) (clip)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-LPbj5boQu68/V96ragtxdpI/AAAAAAAAMIE/tU8c7uZVlMw66y9ijHPhDMyfIWl89T9wgCLcB/s1600/Sine4400_clip_0.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-LPbj5boQu68/V96ragtxdpI/AAAAAAAAMIE/tU8c7uZVlMw66y9ijHPhDMyfIWl89T9wgCLcB/s640/Sine4400_clip_0.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">4.4kHz sinewave 220mVpp clipped signal (gain=0, -2.53dB) (clip)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9_YIK0_J__w/V96ruiCVxAI/AAAAAAAAMII/WxZR9DI6oAIzwBWhLgTygj02QF9qv4ZzgCLcB/s1600/Sine4400_out2a_10.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-9_YIK0_J__w/V96ruiCVxAI/AAAAAAAAMII/WxZR9DI6oAIzwBWhLgTygj02QF9qv4ZzgCLcB/s640/Sine4400_out2a_10.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">4.4kHz sinewave 280mVpp second opamp output (gain=10, -0.63dB) (out2a)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-onOXpue4GOI/V96sAhaF3JI/AAAAAAAAMIM/QBn2Bz1wDPwlR41RmaF8vxOQx8lXyipIQCLcB/s1600/Sine4400_out2a_5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-onOXpue4GOI/V96sAhaF3JI/AAAAAAAAMIM/QBn2Bz1wDPwlR41RmaF8vxOQx8lXyipIQCLcB/s640/Sine4400_out2a_5.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">4.4kHz sinewave 112mVpp second opamp output (gain=5, -8.53dB) (out2a)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-XUv4Y71XHt4/V96sMkj2S2I/AAAAAAAAMIQ/GNiPZDQIgsUbKmF6df23G4FmLd-5p03fQCLcB/s1600/Sine4400_out2a_0.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-XUv4Y71XHt4/V96sMkj2S2I/AAAAAAAAMIQ/GNiPZDQIgsUbKmF6df23G4FmLd-5p03fQCLcB/s640/Sine4400_out2a_0.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">4.4kHz sinewave 60mVpp second opamp output (gain=0, -14dB) (out2a)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sh5ZHz0hh-I/V96saMtAR0I/AAAAAAAAMIU/s8aOtKqutG8F-MB94P5_DLdhGiZAntYgwCLcB/s1600/Sine4400_out3a_trbl10.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-sh5ZHz0hh-I/V96saMtAR0I/AAAAAAAAMIU/s8aOtKqutG8F-MB94P5_DLdhGiZAntYgwCLcB/s640/Sine4400_out3a_trbl10.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">4.4kHz sinewave 1500mVpp tone amp output (treble=10, gain=10, 14dB) (out2b)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/--5hF9UWH6cs/V96ssfqmGrI/AAAAAAAAMIY/mJtPRj8xvyM4F0uRarlp-3Q48SMe9iV2ACLcB/s1600/Sine4400_out3a_trbl5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/--5hF9UWH6cs/V96ssfqmGrI/AAAAAAAAMIY/mJtPRj8xvyM4F0uRarlp-3Q48SMe9iV2ACLcB/s640/Sine4400_out3a_trbl5.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">4.4kHz sinewave 370mVpp tone amp output (treble=5, gain=10, 1.8dB) (out2b)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HCdHSsRbvkM/V96tOQSq6nI/AAAAAAAAMIc/zyOcNk8I8a0QpS6woEbMMH1Hrm8VgCycgCLcB/s1600/Sine4400_out3a_trbl0.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-HCdHSsRbvkM/V96tOQSq6nI/AAAAAAAAMIc/zyOcNk8I8a0QpS6woEbMMH1Hrm8VgCycgCLcB/s640/Sine4400_out3a_trbl0.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">4.4kHz sinewave 120mVpp tone amp output (treble=0, gain=10, -7.7dB) (out2b)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-yOpaCKKETY4/V96tmD60ZiI/AAAAAAAAMIg/RE1CJr1R0ZILDCVcGco_NWDqDLpiyqOGgCLcB/s1600/g1k_in.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-yOpaCKKETY4/V96tmD60ZiI/AAAAAAAAMIg/RE1CJr1R0ZILDCVcGco_NWDqDLpiyqOGgCLcB/s640/g1k_in.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">1kHz guitar note 280mVpp input</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jZLO5cnuxrk/V96t6ly-jYI/AAAAAAAAMIo/X-ureH3-ucghFgjm0RHg2iIEmvmmisFIgCLcB/s1600/g1k_out3a_0_trbl0.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-jZLO5cnuxrk/V96t6ly-jYI/AAAAAAAAMIo/X-ureH3-ucghFgjm0RHg2iIEmvmmisFIgCLcB/s640/g1k_out3a_0_trbl0.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">1kHz guitar note 39mVpp output (gain=0, treble=0, -18dB) (out2b)</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-56s6OFqRuAc/V96uZWQ28MI/AAAAAAAAMIs/qBHEnm1WYl8AA7Y-KUBRthHccWNuAa3VACLcB/s1600/g1k_out3a_0_trbl5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-56s6OFqRuAc/V96uZWQ28MI/AAAAAAAAMIs/qBHEnm1WYl8AA7Y-KUBRthHccWNuAa3VACLcB/s640/g1k_out3a_0_trbl5.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">1kHz guitar note 115mVpp output (gain=0, treble=5, -8.3dB) (out2b)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-p5oyvENBgMM/V96ukMoT4iI/AAAAAAAAMIw/wuOBdUxnHoIJhmNrOwhLaxaFL7EEprSaACLcB/s1600/g1k_out3a_0_trbl10.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-p5oyvENBgMM/V96ukMoT4iI/AAAAAAAAMIw/wuOBdUxnHoIJhmNrOwhLaxaFL7EEprSaACLcB/s640/g1k_out3a_0_trbl10.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">1kHz guitar note 480mVpp output (gain=0, treble=10, 2.4B) (out2b)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Ig3uKwhpa5s/V96u5rNnn7I/AAAAAAAAMI4/8fhoUgSDuGM2UHeR9-gRgN0aMoOT3VatACLcB/s1600/g1k_out3a_5_trbl0.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Ig3uKwhpa5s/V96u5rNnn7I/AAAAAAAAMI4/8fhoUgSDuGM2UHeR9-gRgN0aMoOT3VatACLcB/s640/g1k_out3a_5_trbl0.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">1kHz guitar note 76mVpp output (gain=5, treble=0, -11dB) (out2b)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-JlFA39IccRI/V96vGS6UxyI/AAAAAAAAMI8/TbBKuCJfxFoxBiimbqzTzHGZmojzG3DPwCLcB/s1600/g1k_out3a_5_trbl5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-JlFA39IccRI/V96vGS6UxyI/AAAAAAAAMI8/TbBKuCJfxFoxBiimbqzTzHGZmojzG3DPwCLcB/s640/g1k_out3a_5_trbl5.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">1kHz guitar note 220mVpp output (gain=5, treble=5, -3.7dB) (out2b)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/--ELxrnM0bbw/V96vTuPpBWI/AAAAAAAAMJA/Gee06nV-FwsvahEHOT2ZVOfjEzg6AXdgACLcB/s1600/g1k_out3a_5_trbl10.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/--ELxrnM0bbw/V96vTuPpBWI/AAAAAAAAMJA/Gee06nV-FwsvahEHOT2ZVOfjEzg6AXdgACLcB/s640/g1k_out3a_5_trbl10.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">1kHz guitar note 970mVpp output (gain=5, treble=10, 8dB) (out2b)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-u2-GhAxMPds/V96vgQRYg-I/AAAAAAAAMJE/b5Gut1CKOfsZJG6AF81lKWenZngI88isQCLcB/s1600/g1k_out3a_10_trbl0.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-u2-GhAxMPds/V96vgQRYg-I/AAAAAAAAMJE/b5Gut1CKOfsZJG6AF81lKWenZngI88isQCLcB/s640/g1k_out3a_10_trbl0.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">1kHz guitar note 210mVpp output (gain=10, treble=0, -4.5dB) (out2b)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zX8VREYD3AQ/V96vu0nGQ8I/AAAAAAAAMJI/GBmoW61uk9UGfyu_FHiwxl8Oy1GnUD2vQCLcB/s1600/g1k_out3a_10_trbl5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-zX8VREYD3AQ/V96vu0nGQ8I/AAAAAAAAMJI/GBmoW61uk9UGfyu_FHiwxl8Oy1GnUD2vQCLcB/s640/g1k_out3a_10_trbl5.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">1kHz guitar note 710mVpp output (gain=10, treble=5, 4.6dB) (out2b)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-lhfyJzH7FOQ/V96v7JIASHI/AAAAAAAAMJQ/11b1YOFOJzMc8asZd1SFfGVLXpUpAmSkQCLcB/s1600/g1k_out3a_10_trbl10.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="284" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-lhfyJzH7FOQ/V96v7JIASHI/AAAAAAAAMJQ/11b1YOFOJzMc8asZd1SFfGVLXpUpAmSkQCLcB/s640/g1k_out3a_10_trbl10.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">1kHz guitar note 2590mVpp output (gain=10, treble=10, 15dB) (out2b)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
Rezzonicshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04959625898477770956noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4093825090752327329.post-34227804635180656542016-09-05T00:18:00.001+02:002016-09-18T12:05:07.794+02:00Klon 3v3 Clone: Schematics and PCB layout<h2>
Klon 3v3 Clone Schematics</h2>
<div>
Klon 3v3 Clone schematics have been implemented using Eagle CAD. Op-amps used are <a href="http://www.ti.com/product/LME49721" target="_blank">TI LME49721</a>, they are low-distortion, low-noise Rail-to-Rail Input/Output that can be powered between 2.2 and 5.5V. Passive values, resistors and capacitors have been changed to adapt to the power supply change from 9V to 3.3V, many of them have been multiplied by 3 and some of them adjusted to achieve a similar signal in all op-amp stages. Top gain potentiometer series resistor has been splitted into R4 and R5 on both sides of the potentiometer to avoid the low gain value obtained when this potentiometer is set to minimum. filter components around bottom gain potentiometer have been obtained by multiplying by 3 the original values.</div>
<div>
Clipping diodes D1 and D2 are 1N34A germanium, they are not part of the BoM since they cannot be found through big distributors, specialized guitar pedal shops can stock them.</div>
<div>
Gain resistors R7, R19, R23 have been tuned during simulations to obtain a similar saturation to original circuit on each stage, and then tweaked again on real circuit by ear. Note that values that appear in the BoM are those used on simulations and are lower than the final used values.</div>
<div>
1nF capacitor C24 has been added for better circuit stability.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
The 9V to 3.3V DC-DC converter is an integrated step-down controller <a href="http://www.ti.com/product/TPS62122?keyMatch=tps62122drvr&tisearch=Search-EN-Everything" target="_blank">TI TPS62122</a> in a tiny WSON-6 package. R29-R30 resistors set the FB reference voltage to get 3.3V on the output. A 22uH L1 inductor is required for the switching regulator. Switching frequency is as high as 800kHz, far from audible frequencies, but an additional LC filter, L2 100nH, C22 1uF has been added to reduce output ripple. recommended C19, C20 input output decoupling capacitors have been added to input and output respectively.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Mid 1.65V reference voltage for op-amps bias is generated by LM4041 reference voltage IC.</div>
<div>
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<div>
FB1-FB2 BLM31PG121SN1L are 120ohm ferrites to filter input and out signals respectively</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
9V input power supply is filtered using CF1 Murata NFM3DPC223R1H3L 22nF EMI filter.</div>
<div>
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<div>
D3 is an input power protection for inverted voltage.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
The Klone 3v3 Clone BoM can be found <a href="http://www.mouser.com/ProjectManager/ProjectDetail.aspx?AccessID=b03a062267" target="_blank">on this link</a>. Please review it before buying the components. Components used are SMD 0402 whenever possible.</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GoPkFC58DNE/V8yV-Ybc_4I/AAAAAAAAMDU/bhxk6rR63oA6q_meYQxthJQCshqSqnzZQCLcB/s1600/Klon%2B3v3%2Bclone%2Bschematics.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-GoPkFC58DNE/V8yV-Ybc_4I/AAAAAAAAMDU/bhxk6rR63oA6q_meYQxthJQCshqSqnzZQCLcB/s640/Klon%2B3v3%2Bclone%2Bschematics.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Klon 3v3 Clone Eagle CAD Schematics</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2>
Klon 3v3 Clone PCB layout</h2>
<div>
Circuit has been implemented on a 54 x 54 mm 2-layer PCB that fits into a 1590B enclosure. 3.3V power supply is routed as a plan on top layer, and GND is routed as a plan on bottom layer.</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Vgfl6t-NDmg/V8yQ5hVKTkI/AAAAAAAAMDI/LLVQXCuecis2whTFcsG9cDTFyH8mjb-fwCLcB/s1600/Klon%2B3v3%2Bclone%2Btop%2Bbrd.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="630" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Vgfl6t-NDmg/V8yQ5hVKTkI/AAAAAAAAMDI/LLVQXCuecis2whTFcsG9cDTFyH8mjb-fwCLcB/s640/Klon%2B3v3%2Bclone%2Btop%2Bbrd.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Klone 3v3 Clone PCB layout: Top layer<br />
<table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="float: right; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KUE2uBCJmUk/V8yQ5NgfzrI/AAAAAAAAMDA/VrvbA6Hhy-kDpeBOGMzz7qpMHvOL0h9qQCLcB/s1600/Klon%2B3v3%2Bclone%2Bbot%2Bbrd.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-KUE2uBCJmUk/V8yQ5NgfzrI/AAAAAAAAMDA/VrvbA6Hhy-kDpeBOGMzz7qpMHvOL0h9qQCLcB/s640/Klon%2B3v3%2Bclone%2Bbot%2Bbrd.png" width="638" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Klone 3v3 Clone PCB layout: Bottom layer</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
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Rezzonicshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04959625898477770956noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4093825090752327329.post-17877687747497940062016-09-02T22:41:00.003+02:002016-09-02T23:01:33.743+02:00Klon Centaur 3v3 Clone: LTspice analysis<br />
Klon Centaur is one of the most famous, controversial, loved and talk-about guitar pedals and also one of the most cloned and copied ones, probably because it's quite expensive. Basically it's a Boost / Overdrive pedal with a gain, a treble and a volume control. It's subtly mixes the original signal with an amplified version of the signal that also goes through a germanium clipping section, before everything gets again amplified and filtered by the tone section that can considerably reinforce the mids.<br />
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://tonereport.com/uploads/img/klon.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://tonereport.com/uploads/img/klon.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Klon Centaur guitar boost/overdrive pedal</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
The first dual opamp section is powered between GND and 9V, but the second dual opamp section is powered between -9V and 18V to have more headroom before the opamps saturate. The circuit has a lot of gain and the signal that can get into the guitar power amp is huge, to breakout the guitar amp preamp section.<br />
<br />
The main reason for making this project is to verify this idea I will expose here:<br />
<br />
The output of most guitar pick-ups is usually several hundred millivolts peak-to-peak, 1Vpp is already a loud signal for a guitar amp. At the same time, guitar amps and specially valve amps are biased in a way that 2Vpp already saturates the input.Why then a guitar pedal should need more than 2Vpp or 3Vpp of headroom since those levels would be already enough to saturate the input and "breaking-up" the amp?<br />
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On the other hand, "breaking-up" or saturating the signal inside the pedal gives more control than "breaking-up" the guitar amp, because each model of guitar amp may have different input headroom and hence saturate earlier or later than others.<br />
<br />
9V battery voltage is the "standard power" on guitar pedals, but that does not mean that the electronic circuits inside the pedal must be powered at 9V, they could be powered at a lower voltage and still have enough headroom for feeding the guitar amp.<br />
<br />
Nowadays there exist very good audio opamps with very low harmonic distortion that can be powered at lower voltages and have rail-to-rail inputs and outputs.<br />
<br />
If an efficient step-down converter is used, battery charge could be maximized and guitar pedal could have the same performance even at the end of the life of the battery. At a lower power we also could expect less power consumption and longer battery life. There exist cheap, efficient and stable step-down converters with a small footprint, they just need a small inductor, input and output capacitor and a couple of resistors to set the output voltage. Switching frequencies can be very high, so that any ripple in the power supply will not be audible, and additional LC filtering can be added to minimize ripple and noise.<br />
<br />
With all that in mind I decided to do a Klon Centaur "3.3V clone" pedal.<br />
<h2>
Klon Centaur LTSpice analysis</h2>
<div>
I will start by doing a LTSpice simulation of the original circuit, and then I will try to implement a 3.3V circuit that tries to match the response of the original circuit.</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-6e0xuGyFMJA/V8iUzMNGajI/AAAAAAAAMBU/KrbWtiPL0o8yx3LIuA6TPbXulXEjTna0gCLcB/s1600/Klon%2BCentaur%2BSchematics.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="274" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-6e0xuGyFMJA/V8iUzMNGajI/AAAAAAAAMBU/KrbWtiPL0o8yx3LIuA6TPbXulXEjTna0gCLcB/s640/Klon%2BCentaur%2BSchematics.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Klon Centaur LTspice schematics<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-RQ4TSo7zLSI/V8iVe_7OsPI/AAAAAAAAMBY/tQa-z25e4kUsJA9E7CJYNLGt_T_hRh3tgCLcB/s1600/Klon%2BCentaur%2Bfreq%2Bresponse.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="446" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-RQ4TSo7zLSI/V8iVe_7OsPI/AAAAAAAAMBY/tQa-z25e4kUsJA9E7CJYNLGt_T_hRh3tgCLcB/s640/Klon%2BCentaur%2Bfreq%2Bresponse.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Klon Centaur Frequency response. Gain =0-10. Treble = 10</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
<div>
First we do a frequency response analysis between 10 Hz and 20kHz with treble set to 10 and varying gain from 0 to 10. Klon Centaur produces a high gain to small signal from 47dB @ 810Hz up to 75dB @ 674Hz reinforcing mids with peaks around 670 - 810Hz. Gains are much smaller at low and high frequencies.</div>
</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uA_8xK2H8Mk/V8iYZyOai2I/AAAAAAAAMBo/x3uQY1DQ1CIYg1CtKed5IOhAX-9Jd44pwCLcB/s1600/Klon%2BCentaur%2Bfreq%2Bresponse%2Btreble.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="442" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-uA_8xK2H8Mk/V8iYZyOai2I/AAAAAAAAMBo/x3uQY1DQ1CIYg1CtKed5IOhAX-9Jd44pwCLcB/s640/Klon%2BCentaur%2Bfreq%2Bresponse%2Btreble.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Klon Centaur Frequency response. Gain =10. Treble = 0 - 10</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
Then we do a frequency response analysis between 10 Hz and 20kHz with gain set at 10 and treble varying from 0 to 10. Klon Centaur amplifies the signal at mids with a peak around 650Hz from 52 dB to 75 dB.</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-m_LPR_xKkfg/V8iY4uN-CmI/AAAAAAAAMBs/kgd1ndBWcmE6LWl-BtafU3oRlk8zyonGACLcB/s1600/Klon%2BCentaur%2Btime%2Bresponse%2Bgain.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="442" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-m_LPR_xKkfg/V8iY4uN-CmI/AAAAAAAAMBs/kgd1ndBWcmE6LWl-BtafU3oRlk8zyonGACLcB/s640/Klon%2BCentaur%2Btime%2Bresponse%2Bgain.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Klon Centaur Time response. Gain = 0-10. Treble = 10</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
Now we do a time response analysis during 25ms (only 6ms are shown) with gain between 0 to 10 and treble set to 10 using four 300mVpp sinewaves at different frequencies: 82Hz, 440Hz, 2kHz and 4kHz. The output obtained is a large amplitude signal more than 24Vpp that saturates the op-amps between -12 and 12V.</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-DifSg6ym-WU/V8iaXgys3ZI/AAAAAAAAMB4/jtIZIPlw9A0pH8Gl7dinXOD57KDyqcCDACLcB/s1600/Klon%2BCentaur%2Btime%2Bresponse%2Btreble.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="442" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-DifSg6ym-WU/V8iaXgys3ZI/AAAAAAAAMB4/jtIZIPlw9A0pH8Gl7dinXOD57KDyqcCDACLcB/s640/Klon%2BCentaur%2Btime%2Bresponse%2Btreble.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Klon Centaur Time response. Gain = 10. Treble = 0-10</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
Finally we do a time response analysis during 25ms (only 6ms are shown) with gain set to 10 and treble between 0 and 10 using the same four 300mVpp sinewaves. The output obtained only saturates the op-amps for high treble values.</div>
<h2>
Klone Centaur 3V3 clone LTSpice analysis</h2>
<div>
The Klone Centaur circuit is adapted to 3.3V using 3.3V rail-to-rail op-amps and passive values have been changed to provide a similar level of saturation, which means lower level of gain.</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BVxLBjsu6UQ/V8icTcqZ3fI/AAAAAAAAMCE/w7PnsXMuT3Ew7ac1Fu869Y3mXydbyp1AACLcB/s1600/Klon%2Bclone%2Bschematics.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="242" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-BVxLBjsu6UQ/V8icTcqZ3fI/AAAAAAAAMCE/w7PnsXMuT3Ew7ac1Fu869Y3mXydbyp1AACLcB/s640/Klon%2Bclone%2Bschematics.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Klon Centaur 3V3 clone LTspice schematics</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Tgd2eXwhhmk/V8icxB5OSyI/AAAAAAAAMCM/q1gPbCF2sQoa-ZtxUIVTkMeCp2ISRIXrgCLcB/s1600/Klon%2Bclone%2Bfreq%2Bresponse%2Bgain.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="442" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Tgd2eXwhhmk/V8icxB5OSyI/AAAAAAAAMCM/q1gPbCF2sQoa-ZtxUIVTkMeCp2ISRIXrgCLcB/s640/Klon%2Bclone%2Bfreq%2Bresponse%2Bgain.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Klon 3V3 clone Frequency response. Gain =0-10. Treble = 10</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
Again we do a frequency response analysis between 10 Hz and 20kHz with treble set to 10 and varying gain from 0 to 10. Klon 3V3 clone produces a high gain to small signal from 20dB @ 1kHz up to 39dB @ 970Hz reinforcing mids with peaks around 970 - 1kHz. Gains are much smaller at low and high frequencies.<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-P2VUxYNjB9Y/V8idw2jfRMI/AAAAAAAAMCY/X0VKs0rctloFPBO2Hht7sM7F0u9UUiOaQCLcB/s1600/Klon%2Bclone%2Bfreq%2Bresponse%2Btreble.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="444" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-P2VUxYNjB9Y/V8idw2jfRMI/AAAAAAAAMCY/X0VKs0rctloFPBO2Hht7sM7F0u9UUiOaQCLcB/s640/Klon%2Bclone%2Bfreq%2Bresponse%2Btreble.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Klon 3V3 clone Frequency response. Gain =10. Treble = 0-10</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
Then we do a frequency response analysis between 10 Hz and 20kHz with gain set at 10 and treble varying from 0 to 10. Klon 3V3 clone amplifies the signal at mids with a peak around between 735 Hz to 970Hz from 21 dB to 39 dB.</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HTRlOzAlIHM/V8iez9j7tZI/AAAAAAAAMCg/GC4qKkEXAdEvDWaNmRnUmNCT4O8mn0roQCLcB/s1600/Klon%2Bclone%2Btime%2Bresponse%2Bgain.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="442" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-HTRlOzAlIHM/V8iez9j7tZI/AAAAAAAAMCg/GC4qKkEXAdEvDWaNmRnUmNCT4O8mn0roQCLcB/s640/Klon%2Bclone%2Btime%2Bresponse%2Bgain.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Klon 3V3 clone time response. Gain = 0-10. Treble = 10</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
<div>
Now we do a time response analysis during 25ms (only 6ms are shown) with gain between 0 to 10 and treble set to 10 using four 300mVpp sinewaves at different frequencies: 82Hz, 440Hz, 2kHz and 4kHz. The output obtained is a large amplitude signal, but in this case op-amps saturate between -1.65 and 1.65V for a maximum signal of 3.3Vpp.</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ZLDG9HFnZcI/V8ifHUsHgPI/AAAAAAAAMCo/Nhjqv4vTmiMtT15_4uIj70vtkWnKNEBRACLcB/s1600/Klon%2Bclone%2Btime%2Bresponse%2Btreble.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="442" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-ZLDG9HFnZcI/V8ifHUsHgPI/AAAAAAAAMCo/Nhjqv4vTmiMtT15_4uIj70vtkWnKNEBRACLcB/s640/Klon%2Bclone%2Btime%2Bresponse%2Btreble.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Klon 3V3 clone time response. Gain = 10. Treble = 0-10</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div>
Finally we do a time response analysis during 25ms (only 6ms are shown) with gain set to 10 and treble between 0 and 10 using the same four 300mVpp sinewaves. The output obtained only saturates the op-amps for high treble values but again maximum signal level is 3.3Vpp.<br />
<br />
As we can see, frequency response gain has been reduced from a maximum of 75dB to 39dB, 36dB less in order to obtain a similar level of signal saturation in the time domain. The signal that will get to the guitar amp will be different in both pedals, specially at high gains, Klone Centaur pedal provides large signals of 24Vpp, while the 3v3 clone will provide 3.3Vpp signals at most. Will it sound very different? The only way to really know it is doing a real implementation of the effect.<br />
Stay tuned for next post on effect practical implementation.</div>
Rezzonicshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04959625898477770956noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4093825090752327329.post-86750749661148773152016-05-15T20:06:00.000+02:002016-05-15T20:06:16.517+02:00DMFX-1-2 (mezzanine board) PCB layout and assemblyDMFX1-2 is the DMFX-1 system mezzanine board.<br />
<br />
DMFX1-2 requires a more standard, less demanding and cheaper PCB technology than DMFX1-is DMFX1-2 consists of 2-layers on FR4 dielectric (100 x 68mm). green soldermask, and white top silkscreen, layer plated copper thickness is 35μm. PCB thickness is 1.55mm. Minimum trace width is 250μm and minimu isolation distance is 250 μm. Minimum finished hole is 350μm. <br />
It uses an <a href="http://www.eurocircuits.com/clientmedia/ecImage/pages/pcb-classification-pattern-class-and-drill-class/ec-classification-english-3-2013-v3-final.pdf" target="_blank">Eurocircuits class 3B</a> compared to class 8D for DMFX1-1.<br />
<br />
The mezzanine board is plugged into the main board using 2 high density connectors, it houses a 128x32 pixel LCD graphic display blue LED with white LED backlight, a 5-button integrated switch with 4 arrow buttons (left, right, up, down) and a center OK button that allows navigating through menus displayed on LCD, five red LEDs, and 5 potentiometers connected to SAR ADC inputs on control DSP.<br />
<br />
Top layer is used for signals and power plane. Bottom layer is used for signals and ground plane<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-1kd0Kn8wv04/VuWVDymAPWI/AAAAAAAALE4/TxWk3Y7cnmwxVa91u4rI-NEMyph0cXnww/s1600/DMFX1-2-PCB_l1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="344" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-1kd0Kn8wv04/VuWVDymAPWI/AAAAAAAALE4/TxWk3Y7cnmwxVa91u4rI-NEMyph0cXnww/s640/DMFX1-2-PCB_l1.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">DMFX1-2: Top layer<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bfPSlxGBumA/VuWVI3UXkEI/AAAAAAAALFA/O-BUJmIkplo2dMoJxyVSodCQo9cGh-y3w/s1600/DMFX1-2-PCB_l2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="344" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-bfPSlxGBumA/VuWVI3UXkEI/AAAAAAAALFA/O-BUJmIkplo2dMoJxyVSodCQo9cGh-y3w/s640/DMFX1-2-PCB_l2.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">DMFX1-2: Bottom layer</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
This is the DMFX1-2 mezzanine board fully assembled:<br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-u3KLV4kaZis/VuWVynboZCI/AAAAAAAALFM/-s2flGyJomAmEbt2JHmlb9YezgVGkHcwA/s1600/DMFX-2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="480" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-u3KLV4kaZis/VuWVynboZCI/AAAAAAAALFM/-s2flGyJomAmEbt2JHmlb9YezgVGkHcwA/s640/DMFX-2.jpg" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">DMFX1-2 fully assembled</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
<br />Rezzonicshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04959625898477770956noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4093825090752327329.post-37601664081946236252016-05-15T20:04:00.003+02:002016-05-15T20:04:38.994+02:00DMFX-1-2 (mezzanine board) Schematics and BoM<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, Palatino Linotype, Palatino, serif;"><span style="font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">DMFX-1-2 is a mezzanine board that get plugged into the main board DMFX1-1 by means of two 20-pins SMD connectors on the bottom side of the PCB.<br />The mezzanine board includes a <a href="http://www.digikey.com/product-search/en?keywords=NHD-C12832A1Z-NSW-BBW-3V3" target="_blank">LCD-graphic 128x32 pixels display panel</a> (with </span></span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif; font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">blue background white pixels and white backlight) </span><span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif; font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">that is configured from control DSP-2 via an SPI bus.</span><br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://media.digikey.com/Photos/Newhaven%20Display%20Photos/MFG_NHD-C12832A1Z-NSW-BBW-3V3.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://media.digikey.com/Photos/Newhaven%20Display%20Photos/MFG_NHD-C12832A1Z-NSW-BBW-3V3.jpg" height="320" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, Palatino Linotype, Palatino, serif;"><span style="font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">It also includes a button navigator with five switches (four arrow buttons: Up, down, left, right and center OK button) used to navigate through the LCD menus.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, Palatino Linotype, Palatino, serif;"><span style="font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;"><br /></span></span>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="http://media.digikey.com/Photos/Mec%20Switches/1ZW09136118_sml.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="http://media.digikey.com/Photos/Mec%20Switches/1ZW09136118_sml.jpg" /></a></div>
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, Palatino Linotype, Palatino, serif;"><span style="font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Additionally, there are five 3-mm red LEDs and five 9-mm potentiometers. A 5K potentiometer (VR5) in the middle, controls the distortion octaver level. The other four 50K potentiometers (VR1-4X) are connected to analog SAR ADC inputs (AIN0-3) on DSP-1. Only two of them (VR3-4) are connected to DSP-2 (AIN2-3) since AIN0-1 are connected to tuner and noise suppression circuits respectively.</span></span><br />
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, Palatino Linotype, Palatino, serif;"><span style="font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">These may be used as digital potentiometers to configure some effect parameters such as gain, volume, tone, depth, delay, rate... on LCD menu.</span></span><br />
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_tbPElyEoYA/VzizSM-dglI/AAAAAAAALKs/BgjiVU-xbPwl5DDDewoBVC6bx8XMg0rPQCLcB/s1600/DMFX1-2-sch.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-_tbPElyEoYA/VzizSM-dglI/AAAAAAAALKs/BgjiVU-xbPwl5DDDewoBVC6bx8XMg0rPQCLcB/s640/DMFX1-2-sch.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif; font-size: 12.8px; line-height: 17.92px;">DMFX-1-2: Schematics</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<h2>
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, Palatino Linotype, Palatino, serif;"><span style="font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Schematics and BoM source files</span></span></h2>
<span style="color: #222222; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, Palatino Linotype, Palatino, serif;"><span style="font-size: 15.4px; line-height: 21.56px;">Schematics and layout have been made using CAD Eagle 6.3.0. Source files can be found in the <a href="https://github.com/DMFX-1/Hardware/tree/master/DMFX-2" target="_blank">DMFX-1-2 github HW repository</a> including Eagle Schematics source files (.sch), Eagle Board layout files (.brd), Eagle component libraries (.lbr), Schematics in pdf format, and all manufacturing files including gerber files, assembly drawings and pick and place files. An <a href="https://github.com/DMFX-1/Hardware/blob/master/DMFX-2/DMFX-2%20v1.0_BoM.xls" target="_blank">Excel file contains the full BoM</a> including reference designators, manufacturer part number as well as Digikey part number.</span></span><br />
<br />Rezzonicshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04959625898477770956noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4093825090752327329.post-6468139538801526412016-05-15T18:52:00.000+02:002016-05-15T21:10:37.755+02:00DMFX-1-1 (main board) PCB layout and assembly<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: left;">
<b>DMFX-1 </b>consists of two PCBs built by <a href="http://eurocircuits.com/">Eurocircuits</a>:</div>
<ol>
<li><b>Main board </b>(from now on <b>DMFX-1-1)</b> is 8-layers on FR4 dielectric (144 x 100mm), green soldermask and white top-bottom silkscreen, inner layer copper thickness is 18 μm (1/2 oz.), outer plated copper layer is 30 um. PCB thickness is 1.55 mm. Outer layers traces are 125μm, inner layer traces 100μm, isolation distances are 100μm. Hole density <1000/dm2. Minimum finished hole is 150μm. This corresponds to Eurocircuits pattern class 8 drill class D.</li>
<li><b>Mezzanine board</b> (from now on <b>DMFX-1-2</b>) is 2-layers on FR4 dielectric (100 x 68mm). green soldermask, and white top silkscreen, layer plated copper thickness is 35μm. PCB thickness is 1.55mm. Minimum trace width is 250μm and minimu isolation distance is 250 μm. Minimum finished hole is 350μm. This corresponds to Eurocircuits pattern class 3, drill class B.</li>
</ol>
<br />
Here you can verify <a href="http://www.eurocircuits.com/clientmedia/ecImage/pages/pcb-classification-pattern-class-and-drill-class/ec-classification-english-3-2013-v3-final.pdf" target="_blank">Eurocircuits pattern classification</a>. <b>DMFX-1-1</b> requires a quite high and therefore more expensive pattern and drill class (<b>8D</b>)<br />
The main reason for that is that DSPs are 144-pin <u>0.8 mm pitch</u> BGA devices. The main challenge of this project is using those tiny BGAs with 0.8 mm pitch which are not very well suited for a DIY application, and the biggest challenge of all is manually soldering those BGAs<br />
But 0.8 mm pitch BGAs also impose constraints on minimum trace width and the number of layers to be able to fanout all the BGA pins.<br />
If minimum finished plated drill (PTH) size is 150μm for class D, minimum production hole diameter (PHD) size is 250μm and minimum inner/outer annular ring (IAR/OAR) is 100μm, which corresponds to a via pad size of 450μm (PTH + 2xOAR/IAR = 250+100+100)<br />
That means that between two 450μm vias spaced 800μm there is a distance of 350μm within which we have to pass fanout traces, class 7 requires 125μm traces an isolation and hence 3x125μm=375μm. Conclusion: a <u>class 8D</u> is required with <u>minimum trace width 125μm and minimum isolation of 100μm</u>.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-dsapfEUxtw4/VuWOJX3BRCI/AAAAAAAALDw/Eul4w07JEBgvU_FtPfXeorZjwHISbpE2w/s1600/PCB%2Bpattern%2Bclass%2B1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="368" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-dsapfEUxtw4/VuWOJX3BRCI/AAAAAAAALDw/Eul4w07JEBgvU_FtPfXeorZjwHISbpE2w/s640/PCB%2Bpattern%2Bclass%2B1.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">DMFX-1-1: PCB design rules</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
There are four signal layers: top, bottom and internal layers 3 and 4, but all signal layers include ground planes (analog and digital), this helps copper balancing on PCB but also it helps to shield and reduce noise if some via stitching is added so that good ground connection is assured on all layers.<br />
Layer 3 uses mainly horizontal routing and layer 4 uses vertical routing.<br />
Layers 2 and 5 are mainly ground and power planes.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-0liKFUG25kI/VuWOTR5FO6I/AAAAAAAALD8/dVmucBIF_WE-f6F6b5KgSbb3Uv-H3tCgA/s1600/DMFX1-1-PCB_l1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="348" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-0liKFUG25kI/VuWOTR5FO6I/AAAAAAAALD8/dVmucBIF_WE-f6F6b5KgSbb3Uv-H3tCgA/s640/DMFX1-1-PCB_l1.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">DMFX-1-1: Top layer - layer 1 (signals)</td></tr>
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<tr><td><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-U6XoaRWHUfM/VuWOpu-4oBI/AAAAAAAALEM/IgbbNpUtDmEClsw2_6-Yz3boCGXzDAd1A/s1600/DMFX1-1-PCB_l4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="346" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-U6XoaRWHUfM/VuWOpu-4oBI/AAAAAAAALEM/IgbbNpUtDmEClsw2_6-Yz3boCGXzDAd1A/s640/DMFX1-1-PCB_l4.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">DMFX-1-1: Layer 3 (signals, horizontal routing)</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Jez0mZfZv7k/VuWOaxtpFsI/AAAAAAAALEE/pcQmk-CWoUEDOWzJJPFg_s9AbKzxFDcxg/s1600/DMFX1-1-PCB_l3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="344" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-Jez0mZfZv7k/VuWOaxtpFsI/AAAAAAAALEE/pcQmk-CWoUEDOWzJJPFg_s9AbKzxFDcxg/s640/DMFX1-1-PCB_l3.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">DMFX-1-1: Layer 4 (signals, vertical routing)<br />
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<tr><td><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-v0sZnz654Ms/VuWO9tMsMFI/AAAAAAAALEk/fXIdHnzuE8EiNPHu33EYyarR9y22vtLYg/s1600/DMFX1-1-PCB_l5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="346" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-v0sZnz654Ms/VuWO9tMsMFI/AAAAAAAALEk/fXIdHnzuE8EiNPHu33EYyarR9y22vtLYg/s640/DMFX1-1-PCB_l5.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">DMFX-1-1: Layer 5 (Power planes)</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JNReM49tT9A/VuWO1KidFZI/AAAAAAAALEY/xEr26EaVVMoAF4v3a4tGljW7t92gEKHUA/s1600/DMFX1-1-PCB_l6.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="346" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-JNReM49tT9A/VuWO1KidFZI/AAAAAAAALEY/xEr26EaVVMoAF4v3a4tGljW7t92gEKHUA/s640/DMFX1-1-PCB_l6.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">DMFX-1-1: Bottom layer - layer 6 (signals)</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3vrm5YtDDQc/VuXZqm0A60I/AAAAAAAALFc/16KGRiVW798QDQn9BuaQmJfIMwPdj2cww/s1600/DMFX1-1-assy_top.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="446" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-3vrm5YtDDQc/VuXZqm0A60I/AAAAAAAALFc/16KGRiVW798QDQn9BuaQmJfIMwPdj2cww/s640/DMFX1-1-assy_top.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">DMFX-1-1: Assembly top</td></tr>
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<h2>
Notes:</h2>
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It is recommended to move capacitor C180 down as indicated by the red arrow in the following figure, below the line marked by the green arrow that shows the position of the border of the mezzanine board. C180 electrolytic capacitor is too high and mezzanine board may not be fully plugged in.</div>
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<a href="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TeU7OpWjdIs/VzjIFYWpn1I/AAAAAAAALLA/AGtVmR_gDW4G-vVIBcy8vyKlUa0YVdOUwCLcB/s1600/DMFX-1%2Bmeca.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-align: center;"><img border="0" height="444" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-TeU7OpWjdIs/VzjIFYWpn1I/AAAAAAAALLA/AGtVmR_gDW4G-vVIBcy8vyKlUa0YVdOUwCLcB/s640/DMFX-1%2Bmeca.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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Rezzonicshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04959625898477770956noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4093825090752327329.post-69775803988477851242016-05-15T18:51:00.000+02:002016-05-15T18:54:45.815+02:00DMFX-1-1 (main board) schematics and BoMDMFX-1-1 includes the following blocks:<br />
<div>
<ul>
<li>TI C5535 DSP-1 implements the digital effects and audio codec control (pages 2-3)</li>
<li>TI AIC3204 ADC/ADC audio codec and buffer, 12MHz clock oscillator, stereo headphones output jack (page 4)</li>
<li>DSP-1/2 external memories: SPI, I2C, SD/MMC (page 5)</li>
<li>DC/DC step-down switching regulators (3.3V, 1.8V) and LDO (1.3V), power-on reset, clock driver (page 6)</li>
<li>FTDI2232 USB/JTAG interface an SEEPROM (page 7)</li>
<li>TI C5535 DSP-2 implements LCD, navigator buttons, tuner control (page 8)</li>
<li>DMFX-1-2 mezzanine Connectors and footswitch push-button (page 9-10)</li>
<li>Line-In stereo input buffer, filters, distortion circuit (page 11)</li>
<li>Line-Out dual-mono output buffers and filters, tuner, noise supressor circuits (page 12)</li>
</ul>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VeFdRsv5ucU/VuXa8JvhTHI/AAAAAAAALF0/lbHck0bq9ZQofUPKKPo2AraR15MfmGDQA/s1600/DMFX1-1-sch_1.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-VeFdRsv5ucU/VuXa8JvhTHI/AAAAAAAALF0/lbHck0bq9ZQofUPKKPo2AraR15MfmGDQA/s640/DMFX1-1-sch_1.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><div style="font-size: 12.8px;">
<span style="font-size: 12.8px;">DMFX-1-1: Schematics page 1 - Table of Contents</span></div>
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DSP-1 implements the digital effects and control the audio codec. It includes a dedicated mini-USB connector. Four analog SAR ADC input are connected to DMFX-1-2 potentiometers. DSP-1 is the first device on the JTAG daisy chain connected to USB/JTAG device to allow JTAG emulation and debugging. INT0 input is connected to DSP-2 external flag (XF) signal and DSP-1 XF signal is connected to DSP-2 INT0; both DSPs exhange interrupts to allow synchronizing processes and tasks between both processors. INT1 is connected to DSP-1 GPIO10. Two SD/MMC cards are connected to DSP-1 to store data, samples, loops, code...</div>
<div>
I2S2 interface is a fast serial interface to exchange samples between DSP-1 and ADC/DAC on audio codec. SPI interface is connected to an external SPI flash to store code and data. UART interface is connected to CBUS on USB/JTAG-UART device and it can be used as console for emulator debugging. I2C bus is connected to external SEEPROM, to store parameters or inventory information. I2C is used for configuring audio codec, and it is also connected to DSP-2 to exchange FX configuration parameters set by user interface via LCD menu and buttons.</div>
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<tr><td><a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-N6kkYnaFWss/VuXbDiSCLxI/AAAAAAAALF8/z1xUJlv4RDUQMK5bERXonmOytIcO7IeTA/s1600/DMFX1-1-sch_2.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-N6kkYnaFWss/VuXbDiSCLxI/AAAAAAAALF8/z1xUJlv4RDUQMK5bERXonmOytIcO7IeTA/s640/DMFX1-1-sch_2.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">DMFX-1-1: Schematics page 2 - DSP-1 FX interfaces<br />
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Page 2 shows DSP-1 power supply inputs, ferrite filters and decoupling capacitors.</div>
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Dc5o5TkA1A0/VuXbOhP174I/AAAAAAAALGE/ViyVuUCLkwcRrLeM3PzCnKJKJwRH9ERmQ/s1600/DMFX1-1-sch_3.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-Dc5o5TkA1A0/VuXbOhP174I/AAAAAAAALGE/ViyVuUCLkwcRrLeM3PzCnKJKJwRH9ERmQ/s640/DMFX1-1-sch_3.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">DMFX-1-1: Schematics page 3 - DSP-FX power</span><br />
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Page 3 shows TI TLV320AIC3024 audio codec that includes ADC/DAC, LINE input, MIC input, LINE out and stereo headphones amplifier. I2S is a high speed serial interfaces to echange audio samples with DSP-1 at a sampling frequency configured by DSP-1. Interface is buffered via a CBTLV3245 octal bus switch. 12MHz clock oscillator is included here, it is connected to a clock driver on page 6.</div>
<a href="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-QeiBBTx103M/VuXbpiBiRkI/AAAAAAAALGQ/GcMXtL0VtJovBp9x_BVSyx5I8BISVG5aQ/s1600/DMFX1-1-sch_4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-QeiBBTx103M/VuXbpiBiRkI/AAAAAAAALGQ/GcMXtL0VtJovBp9x_BVSyx5I8BISVG5aQ/s640/DMFX1-1-sch_4.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;">DMFX-1-1: Schematics page 4 - Audio CODEC ADC/DAC</td></tr>
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<div style="font-size: 12.8px; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-size: small;">Page 5 includes two W25Q64 64-Mbit SPI flashes connected to each DSP SPI interface. Two SD/MMC cards are connected to DSP-1 for large storage (samples, loop, data). One I2C 64Kbit SEEPROM 24C64 can be used to store remote inventory or configuration data.</span></div>
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<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-JfZNACIrzpc/VuXb1MOGRGI/AAAAAAAALGY/xdbBqKZ5R6ce6xQHwYQUSqzRwnP_3V5sg/s1600/DMFX1-1-sch_5.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-JfZNACIrzpc/VuXb1MOGRGI/AAAAAAAALGY/xdbBqKZ5R6ce6xQHwYQUSqzRwnP_3V5sg/s640/DMFX1-1-sch_5.png" width="640" /></a></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">DMFX-1-1: Schematics page 5 - Memories I2C, SPI, MMC</span></td></tr>
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Page 6 shows two DC/DC step-down switching regulators TI TPS56220. They generate +3.3V and +1.8V respectively from a +9V external supply or +5V USB input with a maximum current of 500mA each. A TI TPS73201 LDO generates the analog 1.3V DSP supply voltage from 1.8V input at a maximum current of 250 mA. A TI CDCLVC1108 octal clock buffer generates up to 8 clocks from 12MHz clock oscillator: USB DSP-1 clock, DSP-1 system clock, audio codec master clock, USB/JTAG clock, USB DSP-2 clock and DSP-2 system clock.</div>
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Akc64N9BPs4/VuXc7fRcMcI/AAAAAAAALGo/uSibjNjW7f8VpyTxSp9xA2EkoGHOLJqJw/s1600/DMFX1-1-sch_6.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Akc64N9BPs4/VuXc7fRcMcI/AAAAAAAALGo/uSibjNjW7f8VpyTxSp9xA2EkoGHOLJqJw/s640/DMFX1-1-sch_6.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">DMFX-1-1: Schematics page 6 - power supply, clock driver</span><br />
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Page 7 shows an FTDI2232 USB/JTAG interface device that works as XDS100v2 TI emulator for DSP debugging. ABUS is connected to JTAG daisy chain on DSP-1 and DSP-2. CBUS is sonnected to UART interface on DSP-1. A D-type flip-flop detects power reset rising edge from FTDI device and generates a power detect signal back to the FTDI device. An external SPI SEEPROM AT93C46 stores USB device configuration parameters. USB port is protected for ESD. USB debug port is a type-B USB connector. The +5V USB debug port can be used to power the whole DMFX-1 system. DMFX-1 system can actually be powered from any of the three USB ports or by an external +9V power supply.</div>
<a href="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7AVQ4KhWhVE/VuXdHFhRHWI/AAAAAAAALGw/yavFlEL4n-s_aOEwJzPOzcL3vZ4KYXqaw/s1600/DMFX1-1-sch_7.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-7AVQ4KhWhVE/VuXdHFhRHWI/AAAAAAAALGw/yavFlEL4n-s_aOEwJzPOzcL3vZ4KYXqaw/s640/DMFX1-1-sch_7.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">DMFX-1-1: Schematics page 7 - USB/JTAG</span></td></tr>
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DSP-2 implements user interface and control tasks. It includes a dedicated mini-USB connector. Two analog SAR ADC inputs (AIN0-1) are connected to tuner circuit output and noise supression circuit output respectively, AIN2-3 are connected to DMFX-1-2 potentiometers 2-3. DSP-2 is the second device on the JTAG daisy chain connected to USB/JTAG device to allow JTAG emulation and debugging. INT0 input is connected to DSP-1 external flag (XF) signal and DSP-2 XF signal is connected to DSP-1 INT0; both DSPs exchange interrupts to allow synchronizing processes and tasks between both processors. INT1 is connected to DSP-2 GPIO10.</div>
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<div style="text-align: start;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
DSP-2 GPIO0 controls clean or distorion audio input to audio codec. GPIO1-2 configure the overdrive/distortion gain, GPIO3-4 control different overdrive/distortion modes, increasing mid tones or setting fuzz clipping diodes circuit. GPIO6-11 drive five red LEDs on DMFX-1-2 mezzanine board. GPIO11 is connected to CPU active green LED.</div>
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<div style="text-align: start;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
SPI interface is connected to SPI flash (device 0) and to 128x32 graphic LCD (device 1) on DMFX-1-2 mezzanine board, GPIO12 is connected to LCD A0 signal and is used to send command or data to LCD via SPI bus. GPIO13-17 are connected to the five navigator buttons respectively: left, up, center, down, right.</div>
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<div style="text-align: start;">
<div style="text-align: left;">
GPIO28 is connected to footswitch.</div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
SPI and UART interfaces are not used. I2C bus is connected to DSP-1 to exchange FX configuration parameters set by user interface via LCD menu and buttons.</div>
<a href="http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-J-IgCDzhulY/VuXdb_HwF0I/AAAAAAAALG4/k28D5nkdVzgM-jYF7DQ8wQqyiM0bXz_3g/s1600/DMFX1-1-sch_8.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-J-IgCDzhulY/VuXdb_HwF0I/AAAAAAAALG4/k28D5nkdVzgM-jYF7DQ8wQqyiM0bXz_3g/s640/DMFX1-1-sch_8.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">DMFX-1-1: Schematics page 8 - DSP-2 Control interfaces</span><br />
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Page 9 shows DSP-2 power supply inputs, ferrite filters and decoupling capacitors.</div>
<a href="http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-08zYLR0gFgs/VuXdusNM6QI/AAAAAAAALHE/XpD7mqSViXkE3AdMx5Rt1t4VjP4UCZS5Q/s1600/DMFX1-1-sch_9.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://2.bp.blogspot.com/-08zYLR0gFgs/VuXdusNM6QI/AAAAAAAALHE/XpD7mqSViXkE3AdMx5Rt1t4VjP4UCZS5Q/s640/DMFX1-1-sch_9.png" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">DMFX-1-1: Schematics page 9 - DSP-2 Control Power</span><br />
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Page 10 shows DMFX-1-2 mezzanine connectors. J5 connector includes DSP-2 SPI2 bus, LCD A0 addess signal, reset signal and the five navigator button inputs: left, up, center, down, right. J7 connector includes LED1-5, DSP-1 GPAIN0-3 SAR ADC signals, DSP-2 GPAIN2-3 SAR ADC signals, distortion circuit output, octave circuit output and the mix of distortion-octave coming from a potentiometer on DMFX-1-2. +3.3V, analog +1.3V power supplies and ground.</div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">DMFX-1-1: Schematics page 10 - Connectors</span></td></tr>
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Input buffers and filters and distortion circuits are based on TI rail-to-rail LME49721 audio op-amps powered at +3.3V, in contrast with +9V supply normally used on guitar pedals. </div>
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Overdrive/Distortion:</h3>
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First opamp stage has 0dB gain but implements some low pass filtering. Second op-amp stage implements a configurable gain controlled by DSP-2 GPIO signals connected to OD_DRV0-1. when both switches are active (shorted) we obtain the minium gain value of 13dB (x4.5), if OD-DRV1 is open, gain value is incremented by 10dB (x14.5), if OD_DRV0 is open, gain value is incremented by 9dB (x40). Third op-amp stage implements high saturating gain (hard clipping) or soft clipping via asymmetric diodes, when OD_MODE1 is 0, a 20dB gain is implemented with 10K switch shorted and switch in series with diodes open. When OD_MODE0 is 1, a 10dB gain is implemented, but soft asymmetric clipping is added with Schottky diodes added in parallel to the opamp feedback path.<br />
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OD_MOD0 activates a notch filter that attenuates middle tones by 12dB at 400Hz.<br />
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These four GPIOs: OD_DRV0-1 and OD_MODE0-1 allow different combinations of gain, hard clipping, soft clipping, and mids attenuation to get different types of analog overdrive and distortion effects.<br />
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Octave-up:</h3>
A forth op-amp implements a full-wave rectification that generates a octave up, that can be mixed with distortion output.<br />
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Line-In circuit:<br />
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The input from a guitar can be connected to Line-In input. The first stage is a J-FET buffer, followed by a filter that boosts up to 6dB high frequencies and attenuates down to 9dB low frequencies. 0dB occurs at 3.7kHz. The filtered line-in signal is the input to the tuner circuit and to an analog switch that can select the clean or the distortion at its output. The output of the switch is connected to the Audio Codec analog left channel input. Right channel input is connected to the clean signal, this allows mixing clean and distorted signal within DSP and obtain a more or less overdriven signal.<br />
The op-amp at the bottom of the page is a follower buffer that generates a middle point reference signal at 1.65V equal to 3.3V/2. Op-amps are rail-to-rail TI LME49721 powered at 3.3V.</div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 12.8px;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">DMFX-1-1: Schematics page 11 - Input buffers, filters, clean, distortion</span></td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: small;">Page 12 shows right and left channel pre-amp circuit with high impedance </span><span style="font-size: small;">Line-Out</span><span style="font-size: small;"> </span><span style="font-size: small;">signals that can be connected to a guitar amplifier or Line-In input of a sound card or sound equipment.This pre-amp amplifies 9dB with a 3dB bandwidth of 1.35kHz, 0dB is at 4kHz. The first op-amp stage filter is a low pass filter with a pole at approximately 14kHz and 3dB bandwisth at 24 kHz.</span><br />
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<span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">The two op-amp circuit at the bottom of the page is used as support to the tuning and noise suppression circuit within the control DSP-2. The first stage is a very high gain amplifier that can be used as power detector for a noise suppression algorithm. The second op-amp is used as comparator and generates a square wave between 0 and full scale with the same fundamental frequency as the input signal and zero voltage when no signal is present. This square wave simplifies tuning algorithm using and auto-correlation method. Both tuner and noise suppression signals are connected to analog inputs of SAR ADC circuits within the Control DSP-2</span></span></div>
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<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">DMFX-1-1: Schematics page 12 - Output buffers, filters, tuner, noise suppression</span></td></tr>
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Schematics and BoM source files</h2>
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Schematics and layout have been made using CAD Eagle 6.3.0. Source files can be found in the <a href="https://github.com/DMFX-1/Hardware/tree/master/DMFX-1" target="_blank">DMFX-1-1 github HW repository</a> including Eagle Schematics source files (.sch), Eagle Board layout files (.brd), Eagle component libraries (.lbr), <a href="https://github.com/DMFX-1/Hardware/blob/master/DMFX-1/DMFX-1%20v1.1.sch.pdf" target="_blank">Schematics in pdf format</a>, and all manufacturing files including gerber files, assembly drawings and pick and place files. An <a href="https://github.com/DMFX-1/Hardware/blob/master/DMFX-1/DMFX-1%20v1.0_BoM.xls" target="_blank">Excel file contains the full BoM</a> including reference designators, manufacturer part number as well as Digikey part number.</div>
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For your convenience here is <a href="http://www.digikey.fr/short/3pp88t" target="_blank">a link to DigiKey with a BoM of the whole DMFX-1 platform</a> including main board DMFX-1-1, described in this post, and the daughter board (DMFX-1-2 with LCD and navigator buttons). <u><b>You'd better verify BoM completion, lead-times and obsolescent components beforehand</b></u>.<br />
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With all this information you can build your own DMFX-1 platform and develop your own Digital effects!!</div>
Rezzonicshttp://www.blogger.com/profile/04959625898477770956noreply@blogger.com0